ab off, down, away from, from
abbringen remove, get off, get away, divert, dissuade
Abbruch (Abbruch thun) damage, be prejudicial to, infringe, impair, injure
Abbruch (der) breaking off, pulling down, damage, injury, loss
Abbruch (sich selbst Abbruch thun) deprive oneself of
abdringen wring from, force away, extort from
aber but, though, however
Abfall (der) descent, falling away
abfassen compose, write, draw up
abgeben furnish, provide, deliver, yield
abgeben (sich mit etwas abgeben) concern or occupy oneself with a matter
abgedrungen wrung from, forced away, extorted from
abgehen depart, go off, deviate
abgesondert separated, separate, distinct
abgewitzt astute, sharp-sighted
abhalten hold off, hold back, restrain, check, prevent
abhängen depend on
abhängig dependent on, subject to, sloping, inclined
Abhängigkeit (die) dependence, slope, declivity
abhelfen help, remedy, obviate, supply
abkommen swerve, deviate, digress
abkürzen shorten, abridge, abbreviate, lessen, curtail
ableiten derive, deduce
Ableitung (die) derivation
ableugnen deny, disavow, disclaim
ablocken entice away, obtain by flattery, lure from, coax from, elicit
abnehmen gather, conclude
Abneigung (die) turning aside, disinclination, aversion, antipathy
Abrede (die) denial, agreement
Abrede (in Abrede stellen) dispute, deny
Abrede (in Abrede ziehen) dispute, deny
abrufen call away, call off, recall
Abscheu (der) abhorrence, loathing
Abschnitt (der) cut, segment, section, intercept, paragraph
abschreckend horrible, forbidding, intimidating
Absicht (die) purpose, intention, design, end, aim
Absicht (in der besten Absicht) with the best intentions
absolut absolute, unconditional
absondern separate, detach, isolate, segregate, set aside
Absonderung (die) separation, detachment, exemption, isolation
absprechen deny, deprive, gainsay, refuse
Abstammung (die) ancestry, parentage, origin, source
Abstechung (die) contrast
abstrahiren abstract
abtheilen = abteilen divide, share, classify, partition off, section off
Abtheilung (die) = Abteilung (die) separation, partition, division, section, detachment
Abtreibung (die) repeling, refutation
abtrünnig faithless, recreant, disloyal, rebellious
abtrünnig (abtrünnig werden) revolt, desert, turn apostate
abweichen deviate, diverge, digress, depart from
abweichend divergent, varying, deviating, irregular
abziehen draw off, pull off, take off, remove, turn off
abzwingen obtain by force
Acht (Acht haben auf) pay attention to, heed
Acht (aus der Acht lassen) pay no heed to
Acht (die) attention, care, heed, consideration
Acht (in Acht nehmen) take care of, observe, mind
Acht (sich in Acht nehmen) take care, be on one's guard
achten regard, esteem, respect, deem, pay attention to
Achtung (die) esteem, respect, regard, reverence, attention
achtungswürdig worthy of respect, estimable
Actus act
Aechtheit (die) = Ächtheit (die) genuineness, authenticity
Aequivalent = Äquivalent equivalent
Aeußerung = Äußerung expression, utterance, remark, saying
Affect (der) = Affekt (der) emotion, emotional disturbance, emotional state
Affectionspreiß (der) = Affectionspreis (der) = Affektionspreis (der) affective price, fancy price
afficiren affect
Afficirung (die) = Affizierung (die) the affecting, affection
ähnlich similar, like, resembling, analogous to
all all, entire, whole, full, total
allein alone, sole, single, solitary, apart
alleinig exclusive, sole
allenfalls in any event, at all events, if need be, at most, possibly
allenthalben everywhere, wherever, in all cases
allerdings certainly, to be sure, of course, by all means, indeed
allererst first of all
allerkürzest shortest, most direct
allerley = allerlei all sorts of, all kinds of
allervermögend most capable
allervollkommensten all-perfect
allerwärts everywhere
alles all, anything, everything
Alles (das) everything, everybody
allgemein universal, general
allgemein (im allgemeinen) in general
Allgemeingültigkeit (die) universal validity, general validity
Allgemeinheit (die) universality, general public
Allheit (die) allness, all-comprehensiveness, completeness, sum of all, totality
alltäglich everyday, daily, commonplace, trite
Allwissenheit (die) omniscience
als than, as, but, except, other than
alsdann then, thereupon, in that case
also so, thus, therefore, consequently, hence
alt old, aged, ancient, long-established
Alten (die) ancients
Alter (das) age, antiquity, epoch
am = an dem at the, to the, by the
Amt (das) office, official position, post
an at, to, by, close by, against
an (an sich) in itself, in the abstract
an (an und für sich) in itself, in the abstract
an (so viel an mir ist) as far as lies in my power
anbauen till, cultivate, add to by building
anbauen (sich) establish oneself, become settled
Anblick (der) view, sight, look, aspect, appearance
anbringen bring in, bring to bear, put in operation, apply
ander other, else, different
ander (ein anderer, eine andere) another, different
Andere (das) other, something else
andererseits on the other side, on the other hand
anderm other, else, different
ändern alter, change, rectify, amend
ändern (sich) alter, vary, reform, change
anders otherwise, else, differently, under other circumstances
anders (wo anders) somewhere else
anderswo somewhere else, elsewhere
anderwärts elsewhere
anderwärtsher elsewhere
andeuten point out, indicate, hint, intimate
anerkennen recognize, acknowledge, admit, appreciate
Anfang (der) beginning, start, outset
anfangen begin, commence, start, set about, do
anführen lead on, bring up, conduct, lead, guide
angeben assign, specify, declare, state, give an account of
angeführten cited above
angehen approach, apply to, solicit, concern, have to do with
angehen (das geht mich nichts an) that's none of my business
angehen (was geht das mich an?) what's that to me?
angemessen suitable, adapted to, in keeping with, appropriate, adequate
Angemessenheit (die) suitability, fitness, propriety
angenehm pleasant, agreeable
Angenehm (das) pleasant, agreeable
angenommen assumed, supposed, accepted, adopted, received
angenommen (angenommen daß) assuming that, supposing that
angestellten employed, rendered, arranged
angestrengt strenuous
angewandt applied, employed, practical
angewandt applied, employed, practical
Angriff (der) attack, assault, invasion, charge
ängstlich anxious, uneasy, nervous, timid, scrupulous
anhängen hang on, fasten to, attach, append, affix
anheben hoist, raise, lift, commence, begin
ankommen depend on, be determined by, be of importance, matter, arrive
Anlage (die) predisposition, talent, ability, natural tendency, layout
anlangen arrive at, reach, concern, relate to
anlangen (was das anlangt) as regards this
Anlas (der) = Anlaß (der) occasion, cause, motive, inducement
Anlockung (die) enticement
anmaßen (sich) presume, claim, pretend to, arrogate
Anmaßung (die) presumption, pretense, pretension, arrogance, usurpation
anmessen fit, suit, adapt, measure
annehmen assume, suppose, take for granted, take, accept
Annehmlichkeit (die) pleasantness, agreeableness, charm, amenity, comfort
Anordnung (die) order, arrangement, grouping, regulation, instruction
anpreisen praise, extol, commend
Anrathung (die) = Anratung (die) recommendation, counsel
Anreitz (der) = Anreiz (der) incitement, impulse, stimulus, motive, incentive
anreitzen = anreizen incite, induce, stimulate, instigate, abet
Anreitzung (die) = Anreizung (die) incitement, stimulation, instigation, provocation, encouragement
anschauen intuit, look at, contemplate
anschaulich intuitive, clear, plain, evident, obvious
Anschauung (die) intuition
Anschlag (Anschlag fassen) form a plan
Anschlag (der) calculation, computation, estimate, valuation, reckoning
Anschlag (in Anschlag bringen) take into account, allow for
ansehen look at, view, regard, consider
Ansehen (das) appearance, aspect, exterior, esteem, respect
Ansehung (die) view, consideration
Ansehung (in Ansehung) in view of, with respect to, in respect of, with reference to
Anspruch (Anspruch machen auf eine Sache) lay claim to a thing, put forward a claim to a thing, demand a thing, claim a thing
Anspruch (der) claim, title, demand, pretension
anstatt instead of, in the place of
anstellen place near, put near, post, assign, employ
anstrengen strain, stretch, strive, make every effort, exert
antagonismus antagonism, resistance, opposition
Antheil (der) = Anteil (der) share, portion, part
Anthropologie (die) anthropology, sociology, psychology
antreffen find, meet with, come across, hit upon
antreiben drive on, push on, propel, urge on, incite
Antrieb (der) impulse, stimulus, inducement, drive, motive power
Antriebe (die) impulses, stimuli, inducements
Antwort (die) answer, reply
anvertrauen entrust to
anwachsen grow up, swell, increase, rise, accumulate
anwandeln befall, come over, come upon, touch, attack
anweisen direct, instruct
Anweisung (die) order, instruction, direction, assignment
anwenden employ, use, make use of
Anwendung (die) application, employment, use
anzeigen announce, notify, report, inform, point out
anziehen draw in, pull in, draw tight, tighten, stretch
a posteriori not independently of experience, knowable only by means of empirical investigation
a priori independently of experience, knowable without empirical investigation
Arbeit (die) work, labor, toil, task, job
arg bad, mischievous, wicked, evil, malicious
ärgst most bad, most wicked
argumentiren argue, dispute
Art (auf diese Art) in this way, at this rate
Art (die) kind, species, type, variety, sort
Arzney (die) = Arznei (die) medicine, drug, physic
Arzt (der) doctor, physician, medic
auch also, too, even, likewise, as well
auch (auch nicht) neither, nor
auf on, upon, in, at, on to
aufbehalten preserve, keep
aufbieten summon, cite, call up, proclaim, give notice of
aufbürden burden with, charge with, impose on, attribute to
auferlegen impose, inflict, enjoin
Aufgabe (die) problem, task, lesson, exercise, duty
aufgeben give up, abandon, surrender
aufheben lift, raise, hold up, abolish, repeal
aufhören cease, stop, end, discontinue, desist from
aufklären clear up, explain, elucidate, enlighten, instruct
auflösen solve, unravel, resolve, loosen, untie
Auflösung (die) solution, analysis, elucidation, resolution
aufmerksam attentive, alert, observant
Aufmerksamkeit (die) attentiveness, attention, alertness, watchfulness, vigilance
Aufmunterung (die) encouragement
Aufopferung (die) sacrifice, sacrificing
aufpassen pay attention, attend, watch, be on the alert, fit on
aufrichtig candid, sincere, frank, open, honest
aufs = auf das on the
aufschieben postpone, defer, put off, adjourn, prorogue
Aufschub (der) postponement, deferment, delay, suspension, adjournment
aufstellen set up, erect, install, make, post
aufstoßen meet with, light upon, chance upon, happen to, knock open
Aufsuchung (die) search, seeking out
auftreiben drive up, raise, start, hunt up, rummage out
aufweisen show, exhibit, point to
aufziehen draw up, raise, hoist, haul up, open
Auge (das) eye
Augenblick (der) moment, instant
aus out of, from, of, by, for
aus (aus ... gemacht) made from ..., made of ...
ausdenken think out, contrive, invent, conceive, devise
Ausdruck (der) expression, phrase, saying
ausdrücken express, utter, press out, squeeze out
ausfallen drop out, be deducted, turn out, result
ausfallen (ist gut ausgefallen) has turned out well
ausfinden discover, find out, seek out
ausfinden (ausfindig machen) discover, find out, seek out
Ausflucht (die) excuse, evasion, shift, subterfuge, loophole
Ausführlichkeit (die) fullness of detail, completeness, copiousness, precision, accuracy
Ausgang (der) result, outcome, upshot, termination, end
ausgeben give out, distribute, deliver, issue
ausgehen go out, proceed, start, emanate
aushalten hold out, endure, bear
aushelfen help out, aid, assist, accommodate, supply with
ausholend going far back
Auskunft (die) information, intelligence, particulars, recourse, resource
auslöschen put out, obliterate, extinguish, quench, efface
ausmachen make up, constitute, amount to, come to, make out
ausmessen measure out, survey, gauge
Ausnahme (die) exception
ausnehmen take out, draw, except, exclude, exempt
ausnehmen (sich) look, appear
ausrichten accomplish, fulfill, execute
Ausrichterin (die) she who carries out, fulfills, executes
ausruhen rest, repose
ausschlagen strike out, break forth
ausschliessen shut out, exclude, lock out
Ausschweifung (die) excess, intemperance, debauch
ausser = außer without, besides, except, out of, outside
äußer external, outer, exterior, outward
äußerst extreme, utmost, uttermost, outermost, extremely
aussetzen postpone, put off, interrupt, suspend, expose
Ausstattung (die) endowment, provision, outfit, equipment, fittings
ausstellen set out, set forth, lay out, exhibit, display
Austheilung (die) = Austeilung (die) distribution, apportionment
ausüben practice, exercise, exert, perform
Ausübung (die) practice, exercise, execution, fulfillment
auszeichnen mark out, indicate
Autonomie (die) autonomy
B. (z. B. = zum Beyspiel) = B. (z. B. = zum Beispiel) e.g. = for example
Bahn (die) path, pathway, track, road, course
bald soon, shortly, almost, nearly, easily
bald (bald das eine, bald das andere) sometimes this, sometimes that
bald (bald so, bald so) now one way, now another
Bastard (der) bastard, mongrel, hybrid
bauen build, construct, erect
beantworten answer, reply to
Beantwortung (die) answer, reply, answering
bearbeiten till, work, cultivate, elaborate, manipulate
Bearbeitung (die) working, machining, processing, treatment, handling
bedacht (auf etwas bedacht sein) be intent on a thing, be resolved to, consider a matter
Bedacht (der) consideration, deliberation, reflection, forethought
Bedarf (der) need, want, requirement
Bedauren (das) sorrow, regret, pity, sympathy
bedenken consider, think over, ponder over, reflect on, bear in mind
bedeuten mean, signify, be of importance, imply, direct
Bedeutung (die) meaning, importance, significance, sense
bedienen serve, wait on
bedienen (sich) make use of, help oneself to
Beding (der/das) condition, stipulation, proviso, terms, restriction
bedingt conditional, qualified, limited, hypothetical
Bedingung (die) condition, stipulation, proviso, terms, restriction
Bedingung (unter der Bedingung) on condition, provided
bedürfen require, need, have need of
Bedürfnis (das) = Bedürfniß (das) need, want, lack, necessity, requirement
bedürftig poor, needy, necessitous, in need of, wanting
beeifern (sich) exert oneself, be zealous, make effort, endeavor, strive
befolgen obey, comply with, follow, observe, act up to
Befolgung (die) following, observance of, adherence to, obedience to
beförderlich favorable, conducive, helpful
befördern further, promote, advance, assist, accelerate
Beförderung (die) furtherance, advancement, promotion
befragen interrogate, question, examine, consult with
befreien free, set free, liberate, rescue, release
Befremdlich (das) odd, strange, surprising
befriedigen satisfy, gratify, content, please, appease
befriedigend satisfactory, satisfying
Befriedigung (die) satisfaction, gratification
Befugnis (die) = Befugniß (die) authorization, authority, right, warrant, licence
begabt endowed, clever, gifted, talented
begeben negotiate, transfer, sell, pass
begeben (genitive sich) give up, renounce, forgo
begeben (sich) go, proceed, set out for, betake oneself, set about
Begehren (das) desire, demand, request
Begehrung (die) desire, longing, hankering
Begehrungsvermögen (das) faculty of desire, power of appetition
Begierde (die) eager desire, lust, inordinate longing
Begierden (die) eager desires, lusts, inordinate longings
begreifen understand, comprehend, conceive, grasp, touch
begreifen (das sich leicht) that is easily understood
begreiflich comprehensible, conceivable, intelligible
begreiflich (einem etwas begreiflich machen) make someone comprehend something
begrenzen border, bound, limit, circumscribe, define
Begriff (der) concept, idea, notion
begriffen (begriffen sein) be about to do, be engaged in
begünstigen favor, patronize, promote
behandeln handle, treat, deal with, manage, manipulate
Behandlungsweise (die) mode of treatment, method of treatment, usage, manner of dealing with
Beharrlichkeit (die) perseverance, persistence, steadfastness, determination, tenacity
behaupten assert, maintain, affirm, keep, hold
Behauptung (die) assertion, statement, proposition, contention, conjecture
Behuf (der) purpose, object, behalf, benefit, use
Behuf (zum Behufe) for the purpose, for the sake
beide (wir beide) we two, both of us
bekannt known, well-known, renowned, noted, acquainted
bekennen confess, admit, own up to, acknowledge
bekommen get, receive, obtain, catch
belästigen trouble, annoy, bother, pester, harass
belehren teach, instruct, enlighten, advise
belehren (eines bessern belehren) set right, correct, undeceive
Belehrung (die) instruction, information, advice, correction
Belieben (das) choice, discretion, option
beliebig optional, as is agreeable, to your liking, at your pleasure, any (you like)
beliebt favorite, popular
bemerken notice, perceive, observe, remark
Bemerkung (die) remark
bemühen trouble, give trouble
bemühen (sich) take trouble, take pains, strive, endeavor
Bemühung (die) effort, trouble, pains, exertion, endeavor
benehmen take away
beneiden envy
benennen name, call
Benennung (Brüche unter einerlei Benennung bringen) reduce fractions to a common denominator
Benennung (die) naming, designation, nomenclature, appellation, term
bequem comfortable, convenient, opportune, easy, commodious
berauben rob, deprive of, divest of
berechtigen justify, entitle, authorize, warrant
berichtigen correct, set right, rectify, amend, arrange
Beruf (der) profession, calling, vocation, occupation, pursuit
Berufung (die) call, summons, vocation, appointment, nomination
beruhen rest on, be based on, depend on, be due to
berühmt famous, celebrated, renowned
beschaffen provide, procure, supply, constituted, conditioned
beschaffen (die Sache ist so beschaffen) the matter stands thus
beschaffen (so ist die Welt beschaffen) that is the way of the world
beschaffen (so ist er beschaffen) that is his nature
Beschaffenheit (die) quality, property, characteristic, disposition, nature
beschäftigen occupy, employ, engage, keep busy
beschäftigen (sich) occupy oneself, be busy with
beschäftigt busy, occupied with
beschäftigt (mit etwas beschäftigt sein) be occupied with a thing
Beschämung (die) disgrace, shame, confusion
Bescheid (Bescheid wissen) know about something, have knowledge of something, to know what's what
Bescheid (der) information, instruction, direction, knowledge
bescheiden allot, assign, apportion, inform, direct
bescheiden (sich) resign to, acquiesce in, be satisfied with
beschließen resolve, determine on, decide
beschlöße = beschlösse would resolve
beschlossen resolved, decided
beschwerlich troublesome, burdensome
besessen possessed
besinnen (sich) recollect, remember, call to mind, think of, consider
Besitz (der) possession, estate, property
besitzen possess, be in possession of, own, be endowed with, hold
besonder particular, special, specific
besonders especially, particularly, in particular
besorgen take care of, care for, provide for, procure, fetch
besorglich anxious, solicitous
Besorgnis (die) = Besorgniß (die) apprehension, anxiety, alarm, fear
besser better
beständig constant, steady, continuous, continual, perpetual
bestätigen confirm, corroborate, establish, verify, ratify
Bestätigung (die) confirmation, corroboration, verification, ratification, acknowledgement
bestehen undergo, endure, stand steadfast, withstand, subsist
bestehen (nebeneinander|zusammen bestehen können) be consistent, be compatible
bestehend existing, existent, subsistent
bestehend (für sich bestehend) absolute, independent
bestimmen decide, determine, ascertain, settle, fix
bestimmen (das Gesetz bestimmt, daß ...) the law ordains that
bestimmen (sich) determine, resolve on, choose, decide
bestimmt determined, decided, fixed, destined, appointed
Bestimmung (die) determination, destination, destiny, vocation, function
Bestimmungsgrund (der) ground of determination
Bestimmungsregeln (die) rules of determination
Bestrebung (die) effort, attempt, endeavor, aspiration, striving
bestreiten dispute, deny
Betracht (der) respect, regard, consideration, account
Betracht (in Betracht) considering
Betracht (in jedem Betracht) in every respect
betrachten consider, regard, view, look at, contemplate
Betrachtung (Betrachtungen anstellen über) meditate on, reflect on
Betrachtung (die) view, opinion, way of thinking, meditation, contemplation
Betrachtung (in Betrachtung ziehen) take into consideration
Betreff (der) regard, reference
Betreff (in Betreff) in reference to, with regard to, as to, with respect to
betreffen concern, affect, touch, have to do with, befall
betrüglich fraudulent, false, deceptive, illusory
beurtheilen = beurteilen judge, form an opinion of, estimate, value
Beurtheilung (die) = Beurteilung (die) judgment, valuation, estimation, appraisal, criticism
Beurtheilungskraft (die) = Beurteilungskraft (die) power of judgment
Beurtheilungsvermögen (das) = Beurteilungsvermögen (das) faculty of judgment
bevorstehend impending, forthcoming, prospective
bewahren keep, preserve
bewähren establish as true, prove, confirm, verify, authenticate
bewährt proved, tried, tested, approved, trustworthy
bewandt such, the case, conditioned, situated, qualified
bewegen move, stir, put in motion, agitate, excite
Bewegung (die) movement, motion, commotion, agitation, motive
Bewegungsgrund (der) ground of movement, motive, reason for acting, inducement
Bewegursache (die) motive, motivational cause, cause of movement, cause of motion
Beweis (der) proof, evidence, argument, demonstration
beweisen show, manifest, prove, demonstrate, establish
bewenden (bewenden lassen) let be, let take its course, rest satisfied with
bewerkstelligen achieve, effect, accomplish, bring about
bewirken effect, cause, bring about, produce
bewundern admire, wonder at
Bewunderung (die) admiration
bewußt (sich einer Sache bewußt sein) to be conscious of a thing, to be aware of a thing
bewust = bewußt known, conscious of, aware, cognizant of
Bewustseyn (das) = Bewußtseyn (das) = Bewußtsein (das) consciousness, knowledge, conviction
bey = bei by, near, with, among, at
beyde = beide both, either
beyderseitig = beiderseitig on both sides, mutual, reciprocal
beyderseits = beiderseits reciprocally, mutually, on both sides
beyfügen = beifügen add, enclose, subjoin, append, attach
beylegen = beilegen attribute to, ascribe to, confer, assign to, attach to
Beylegung (die) = Beilegung (die) settlement, adjustment, addition, attribution, imputation
Beymischung (die) = Beimischung (die) admixture, impurity
beynahe = beinahe almost, nearly, all but
beysammen = beisammen together, in the same place
beysammen (beysammen bestehen können) = beisammen (beisammen bestehen können) be compatible
beysetzen = beisetzen lay aside
Beyspiel (das) = Beispiel (das) example, illustration, instance
Beystand (der) = Beistand (der) help, aid, support, assistance
Beystande (der) = Beistande (der) assistance
Beytrag (der) = Beitrag (der) contribution, share
beytragen = beitragen contribute
beywohnen = beiwohnen be present at, attend, cohabit, dwell
bezahlen pay, discharge, repay
bezeichnen mark, denote, signify, designate, label
beziehen (sich) refer, relate, make allusion, appeal
beziehen (sich beziehen auf) refer to, relate to, make allusion to, appeal to
Beziehung (die) reference, relation, connection, respect
bilden form, fashion, shape, mold, model
billig reasonable, right, fair, just, cheap
billigermaßen fairly, in fairness, in justice
binden bind, tie, fasten
binnen within
bis up to, as far as to, down to, to, till
bisher hitherto, up to now, till now
bisherig until now, hitherto existing, prevailing
bisweilen sometimes, now and then, occasionally
bleiben stay, remain, continue, abide
Blendwerk (das) delusion, optical illusion, deception, mirage
blicken look, glance, shine
blicken (blicken lassen) show
blicken (sich blicken lassen) appear, put in an appearance, let oneself be seen
blos = bloß mere, sole, only, bare, naked
Blut (das) blood
Boden (der) ground, soil, floor, base, territory
bonum vacans vacant property, a piece of property with no owner
borgen borrow, take on credit
böse bad, ill, evil, wicked, angry
Bösewicht (der) scoundrel, villain, rogue, scamp, miscreant
brauchbar useful, usable, serviceable
brauchen need, want, require, use, make use of
breiten make broad, widen, spread, extend, flatten out
Brief (der) letter, document
bringen bring, fetch, carry, bring forth, produce
bringen (in Anschlag bringen) take into account, allow for
bringen (in ein System bringen) reduce to a system
bringen (unter Regeln bringen) reduce to rules
bringen (zu Ende bringen) bring to an end, finish
bringen (zustande bringen) bring into existence, bring about, accomplish
Brüche (die) fractions, breaches, breaks, breakages, fractures
Calcul (der) = Kalkül (der) calculation, assessment, estimate
Canon (der) = Kanon (der) canon
Categorie (die) = Kategorie (die) category
Categorien (die) = Kategorien (die) categories
categorisch = kategorisch categorical, positive, unconditional
Caussalität (die) = Caußalität (die) = Causalität (die) causality
chicaniren quibble
Cirkel (der) circle, group, gathering, company, pair of compasses or dividers
concreto concrete
consilia advice, counsels, suggestions
Credit (der) = Kredit (der) credit, reputation, trust
Creis (der) = Kreis (der) circle, ring, sphere, range, orbit
Creutzbogen (die) = Kreuzbogen (die) intersecting arcs
Critic (die) = Critik (die) = Kritik (die) critique, review, criticism
d. (d. i. = das ist) i.e. = that is
da there, here, where, then, at that time
da (da hingegen) while on the contrary, while on the other hand, whereas
da (da sein) be present, be existent, be on the spot, be at hand
dabey = dabei thereby, hereat, therewith, by that, by it
dadurch thereby, by this, by which, by this means, in that way
dafür on behalf of it, in return for it, instead of it, as such
dafürhalten hold as an opinion
dagegen on the other hand, on the contrary, as against this, by contrast, in comparison with
daher from there, thus, so, hence, for that reason
daher (daher kommt es, daß) hence it happens that
dahin thither, to that place
dahingegen on the other hand, on the contrary
damit in order that, so that, that
dankbar grateful, thankful
daran thereon, thereat, thereby
darauf thereon, thereupon, to this
daraus therefrom, thence, hence
daraus (daraus folgt) hence it follows
darein therein, thereto, thereinto
darinn = darin therein, in there, in, within
darnach afterwards, thereafter, thereupon, accordingly, according to that
darstellen present, exhibit, set forth
darthun = dartun prove, verify, demonstrate, set forth
darüber thereon, on that point, over and above, besides, in the meantime
darum thereabout, on that account, for that reason, therefore
darum (sich darum zu thun) anxious to do, concerned to do, important to do
das this, that, it, which
Dasein (das) existence, presence
daselbst there, in that very place
dasjenig that one, those, such, he, she
daß that
dasselbe the same, the latter, the selfsame
dastehen be there, stand there, stand forth
Dauerhaftigkeit (die) permanence, durability
dauernd continuous, constant, enduring, lasting, abiding
daurend continuous, constant, enduring, lasting, abiding
davon therefrom, thereby, thereof, of it, of that
dawider to the contrary, against
dazu thereto, for that purpose, to that end, moreover, besides
Deduction (die) deduction
dem to the, to it, to whom, to which
demjenig that, that one
demnach accordingly, consequently, therefore
demonstriren = demonstrieren demonstrate, show
demselben to it, to the same
den the, this, whom, which, to the
denen to them, to whom, to which
denken think, reflect
Denken (das) thinking
denken (dative sich) imagine, fancy, conceive, realize
denken (denken an) think of
denken (denken über) reflect on, ponder
Denkungsart (die) way of thinking, turn of mind, disposition
denn for, because, then, in that case
dennoch yet, still, however, for all that, nevertheless
der the, that, this, he, it
dereinst some day, at some future time, in days to come
deren of whom, whose, of which, of them
dergleichen of such kind, such-like, like that, that kind of
derjenige that one, those, such, he, she
derselbe the same, the latter, the selfsame
des of, of its
deshalb on this account, for that reason, therefore, hence
desjenige of that
dessen whose, of whom, of which, of it, of that
desto the, so much
desto (desto besser) so much the better, all the better
desto (desto mehr) so much the more
deswegen on this account, for that reason, therefore, hence
deswegen (eben deswegen) for that very reason
deswillen for that reason, on this account, therefore, hence
deutlich distinct, clear, plain, evident, intelligible
Deutlichkeit (die) distinctness, clearness
dictiren dictate
die the, she, her, it, who
dienen serve, be of service to, assist
dienlich serviceable, useful
Dienst (der) service
Dienst (zu Diensten stehen)
dieselbe the same, the latter, the selfsame
dieser this, that, these, the latter, this one
dieses this, that, these, the latter, this one
diesmal this time, now
Ding (das) thing, object, matter
Ding (das Ding an sich) thing in itself
Ding (das Ding an sich selbst) thing in itself
Dinge (die) things
disponiren dispose
Disposition (die) disposition, arrangement, management
Disputiren (das) debate, dispute
doch yet, however, for all that, nevertheless, after all
dort there, yonder
drehen turn, twist, rotate, twirl, wind
drehen (sich) turn, rotate, revolve
dreust = dreist boldly, audaciously, daringly, impudently, brazenly
drey = drei three
dreyerley = dreierlei of three kinds, threefold
drittens thirdly, in the third place
drohen threaten, menace
drücken press, push, squeeze, pinch, oppress
dunkel dark, obscure, dim, dusky, gloomy
Dunkelheit (die) darkness, obscurity
dünken seem, look, appear
dünken (es dünkt mir) it seems to me
dünken (sich) imagine oneself, fancy oneself
dunkle = dunkele dark
dünkt = deucht seem
durch through, across, by, by means of, owing to
durchaus throughout, thoroughly, quite, completely, absolutely
durchblicken peep through, peer through, appear through, become visible
durchführen convey through, lead through, accomplish, realize, carry out
durchkommen come through, get through, succeed, pass
durchs = durch das through the, by the
Durchschnitt (der) cut, section, cross-section, profile, average
Durchschnitt (im Durchschnitt) on the average
durchsetzen accomplish, carry through, put through, succeed with
dürfen be permitted, have permission, have authority, be allowed, may
E.. (z. E. = zum Exempel) e.g. = for example
eben just, even, precisely, exactly, quite certainly
eben (eben so) just so
ebenderselbe the very same
ebendieselbe the very same
ebenso just as, just so
edel noble, high-born, well-born, high-minded, lofty
edler nobler
ehe before, until
eher sooner, rather, formerly, earlier
Ehrbegierde (die) ambition, eager desire for glory
Ehre (die) honor, credit, praise, glory, reputation
ehrenwerth respectable, honorable
ehrlich honest, honorable, reliable, open, true-hearted
Ehrlichkeit (die) honesty
Eifer (der) eagerness, zeal, ardour, fervour, passion
eigen proper, inherent, own, individual, personal
Eigendünkel (der) self-conceit
eigener of its own
Eigenheit (die) peculiarity, oddity, idiosyncrasy, quirk
eigenliebig self-loving, flattering to oneself, gratifying to oneself, egotistic
Eigennutz (der) self-interest
eigennützig selfish, self-seeking, self-interested
Eigenschaft (die) quality, property, attribute, characteristic
Eigenthum (das) = Eigentum (das) property, belongings
eigenthümlich belonging exclusively to, proper, characteristic, specific, distinctive
eigentlich proper, true, real, actual, essential
eignes own, individual, personal, proper, inherent
ein a, an, one, the same, a person
einander one another, each other
Einbildung (die) imagination, conceit, fancy, presumption
Einbildungskraft (die) imagination, power of imagination
einbüßen forfeit, lose, suffer loss from
Eindruck (der) impression, mark, stamp
Eindrücke (die) impressions, marks, stamps
Eindrücken (dative) impressions
einer one, someone, anyone
einerlei of one sort, one and the same
einerseits on the one hand, on the one side
eines a, one, of a
einfallen occur to one's mind
Einfalt (die) simplicity, innocence
Einfassung (die) setting, enclosing, trimming, edging, border
einflößen instill, imbue, infuse, induce, inspire with
Einflus = Einfluß (der) influence
einflüstern whisper to, insinuate
Eingang (der) entry, entrance, access, admittance, acceptance
eingehen enter into, consent, agree, acquiesce
eingepflanzt implanted
eingestehen confess, admit, own up, grant, allow
Einheit (die) unity, oneness, union
einige some, any, a few
einleuchten be clear, be intelligible, be evident
einmal once, one time, formerly, some day, one day
einmal (nicht einmal) not even
einnehmen take in, gather in, collect, take, assume
einpfropfen engraft, implant, stuff in, cram in
einräumen concede, allow, admit, grant, give up
einrichten set right, arrange, prepare, order, adapt
Einrichtung (die) arrangement, constitution, adjustment, tendency, contrivance
einschlagen break in, punch in, burst in, drive in, knock in
einschränken limit, bound, circumscribe, narrow, check
einschränken (sich auf eine Sache einschränken) restrict oneself to a thing, retrench
Einschränkung (die) limitation, restriction, curtailment
einsehen look into, see into, look over, examine, perceive
Einsicht (die) insight, discernment
einstimmen agree, consent, harmonize, accord
einstimmig consistently, unanimous, of one part, for one voice
Einstimmung (die) agreement, harmonization
Eintheilung (die) = Einteilung (die) division, arrangement, classification, distribution
Einwohner (der) inhabitant, resident
Einwurf (der) objection
einzeln single, sole, individual, particular, isolated
einziehen draw in, pull in, get in, take in, retract
einzig only, single, sole, unique
eitel frivolous, empty, idle, futile, vain
Eitelkeit (die) vanity, conceit
ekelhaft loathsome, disgusting, nauseous, offensive
Element (der) element, rudiment, principle
Elend (das) misery, distress, misfortune
Eltern (die) parents
empfangenes received
Empfänglichkeit (die) susceptibility, impressionability, receptiveness
empfehlen commend, recommend
Empfehlung (die) recommendation
empfinden feel, perceive, be sensible of, experience
Empfindung (die) sensation, perception, feeling, sentiment
empirisch empirical
Ende (das) end, finish, close, conclusion, termination
endigen finish, end, put an end to, terminate, conclude
endlich finite, final, conclusive, last, ultimate
eng narrow, close, tight, strict, confined
Enge (die) narrowness, tightness, constriction, narrow place, strait
entdecken discover, detect, find out
entfliehen escape from
entgegen towards, against, in face of, opposed to, contrary to
entgegengesetzt contrary, opposite, opposed
entgegensetzen set over against, place in opposition to, oppose, contrast, put in competition with
entgehen get away from, escape, elude, avoid, evade
enthalten hold, contain, comprise, include
enthalten (sich) refrain from, abstain from
entkleiden strip, undress, unclothe, divest
entlehnen borrow, derive from
entrüsten provoke, irritate, anger, enrage
entrüsten (sich) become angry, become indignant
entscheiden decide, determine, resolve, decree, pass sentence
entscheiden (sich) make up one's mind, decide
entscheidend decisive, critical, crucial, definite, final
Entscheidung (die) decision, sentence, judgment
Entschlossenheit (die) decision, determination, resolution, fixity of purpose
entspinnen (sich) arise, begin, ensue, develop
entspringen spring up, arise, originate in
entstehen arise, begin, originate, be formed, be produced
entweder either
entwerfen sketch, draft, draw up, plan, design
entwickeln unroll, unfold, untwist, unwrap, evolve
Entwickelung (die) = Entwicklung (die) development, evolution, unfolding
Entwurf (der) plan, design, model, scheme
entziehen take away, remove, deprive of, withdraw, extract
eräugnen (sich) = ereignen (sich) occur, happen, come to pass
Erbittung (die) begging for, request, prevailing upon, entreaty
erblicken catch sight of, behold, see
Erde (die) earth, ground, soil
erdenklich imaginable, conceivable
Ereignis (auf all Ereignisse gefaßt) prepared for whatever might happen
Ereignis (das) event, occurrence, incident
Erfahrung (die) experience
Erfahrungsbegriff (der) concept of experience, concept based on experience, concept derived from experience, experiential concept
Erfindung (die) invention, discovery
Erfolg (der) sucess, result
erfolgen ensue, result, follow from
erforderlich required
erfordern require, need, necessitate, call for, demand
erforschen search into, investigate, explore, fathom
erfreuen gladden, delight, give pleasure, cheer, comfort
erfreuen (sich) rejoice, be glad, be pleased, be delighted, take pleasure
Erfüllung (die) fulfillment, accomplishment, performance, realization
ergehen be issued, be published, be promulgated
ergehen (ergehen lassen) issue
ergötzen delight, amuse, please
ergötzen (sich) take delight in, be amused at, be amused by
Ergötzlichkeit (die) amusement, indulgence
ergründen fathom, probe, investigate, look into, explore thoroughly
erhaben raised, elevated, exalted, illustrious, sublime
Erhabenheit (die) sublimity, nobility, grandeur, eminence, stateliness
erhalten get, receive, obtain, preserve, keep
Erhaltung (die) maintenance, preservation, conservation, procuring, obtaining
erheben raise up, lift up, elevate
Erhebung (die) elevation, raising, exaltation
erheischen require, demand, claim
erhellen clear up, light up, illuminate, brighten, expose
erhellen (daraus erhellt, daß, ...) from this it is evident that, hence it appears that
erinnern remind, call to someone's mind, draw attention to, mention, suggest
erkennen cognize, take cognizance of, recognize, perceive, know
erkennen (zu erkennen geben) show, indicate
Erkenntnis (das|die) = Erkenntniß (das|die) = Erkenntnis (die) cognition, knowledge, perception
erklären explain, account for, clear up, expound, declare
Erklären (das) explanation
erklären (erklären für) pronounce to be, declare to be
erklären (sich) explain oneself, declare oneself for
Erklärung (die) explanation, interpretation, elucidation, explication, solution
Erklärungsgrund (der) ground of explanation, basis of explanation
Erkundigung (die) inquiry, search
erlaubt permitted, permissible, justifiable, excusable, sanctioned
erläutern illustrate, explain, elucidate
Erläuterung (die) illustration, explanation, elucidation
erleichtern ease, lighten, make easy, facilitate, relieve
Ermangelung (die) lack, want, deficiency
Ermüdung (die) weariness, fatigue
erörtert discussed, debated, argued
Erörterung (die) discussion, debate
errathen solve, guess, divine
erreichen reach, attain, get, obtain
Erreichung (die) attainment, achievement, reaching
erscheinen appear, seem, be evident
Erscheinung (die) appearance
erschmeicheln obtain by flattery, wheedle out of
ersehen see, perceive, learn, note, observe
ersehen (sich) choose, select for oneself
erst first, foremost, prime, leading, best
erstens firstly, in the first place
erstlich firstly, first
ertheilen give, impart, confer on, bestow on, grant
erträglichen tolerable
erwägen consider, weigh, ponder
Erwägung (die) consideration, reflection, contemplation, deliberation
Erwägung (in Erwägung ziehen) take into consideration
erwähnen mention, make mention of, call to notice
Erwähnung (die) mention
Erwähnung (einer Sache Erwähnung tun) mention a thing
erwarten expect, await, wait for, anticipate
Erwartung (die) expectation, anticipation
erwecken rouse, wake, waken, arouse, inspire
erweislich provable, demonstrable
Erweiterung (die) widening, enlargement, extension, amplification
erwerben obtain, acquire
erzeigen show, manifest, display, render to, do
es it, there, he, she, it
es (er hat es mit mir zu tun) he has me to deal with
es (es müßte denn) unless, provided, it would then have to
etc = etcetera and others, and so forth, and so on
Ethik (die) ethics
etwa nearly, about, perhaps, by chance, for instance
etwas something, anything, some, any, little
Etwas (das) something, entity
fähig able, capable of, clever, apt, fit for
Fähigkeit (die) capability, ability, faculty, talent, capacity
Fall (der) case, instance, event
Fall (im Fall der Not) in case of necessity
Fall (im Falle, daß) in case
Fall (in dem Falle) in that case
fallen fall, tumble, drop, sink, be deposited
fällen cause to fall, fell, lay low, shoot, bring down
fallen (es fällt in die Augen) it catches the eye, it strikes one, leaps to the eye, is evident
fälschlich false, erroneous
fassen grasp, seize, hold, lay hold of, contain
fassen (sich) collect oneself, compose oneself, contain oneself, pull oneself together
faßlich comprehensible, intelligible, conceivable
Feder (die) feather, plume, spring
federn be elastic, be springy, shed feathers, moult
federnd resilient, springy, light, moulting
fehlen miss, lack, to be wanting, to be absent
fehlen (es fehlt ihm noch viel) he is short of many things
fehlschlagen fail, come to nothing
Feind (der) enemy, foe
Feld (das) field, area
fern far, distant, far off, remote
fest firm, solid, hard, compact, strong
festiglich firmly
festsetzen fix, establish, arrange, stipulate, lay down
Festsetzung (die) establishment, appointment
feststehen be settled, be certain, be established as fact
fieri be done, happen, take place
finden find, discover, meet with, light upon, think
finden (für gut finden) think proper
finden (sich) find oneself, be found, be, turn out to be, occur
Fleiß (der) diligence, industry, assiduity
flicken patch, mend, repair, bungle
fliegend flying, flowing
fließen flow, run, melt, trickle down
fließen (fließen aus) proceed from
Flügel (der) wing
Folge (die) consequence, result, effect, conclusion, inference
folgen follow, ensue, succeed, be derived, obey
folgend subsequent, next
folgender the following, as follows
folgendes the following, as follows
Folgerung (die) consequence, result, outcome, inference, deduction
folglich consequenlty, hence, therefore, accordingly
folgsam obedient, tractable, docile
fordern require, demand, ask, claim, exact
Forderung (die) demand, claim, requisition, summons, challenge
Form (die) form, figure, shape, make, fashion
formale formal
Formale (das) formal, formal aspect, formal element
Formel (die) formula, rule, formulation
formell formal
Fortgang (der) continuation, progress, advance
Fortpflanzung (die) procreation, propagation
fortschreiten move forward, step forward, advance, go on, proceed
Frage (die) question, query, inquiry, problem
fragen ask, inquire, interrogate, question
fragen (es fragte sich, ob) the question was whether
freilassen release, set free, liberate
fremd strange, foreign, alien, extraneous, unknown
Freude (die) joy, gladness, delight, pleasure
frey = frei free, independent, unconstrained, at liberty, open
Freyheit (die) = Freiheit (die) freedom, liberty
freylich = freilich admittedly, of course, certainly, no doubt
Frist (die) duration, space of time, period, interval, appointed time
fruchtbar fruitful, fertile, prolific, productive
Fruchtlosigkeit (die) fruitlessness
früh early, in the morning, soon, speedy, premature
fühlen feel, perceive, sense
Fühlen (das) feeling, perception, sensation
führen lead, guide, direct, carry, bring
führen (bei sich führen) carry about one, carry with itself
führen (sich) conduct oneself, behave
für for, instead of, in lieu of, per, in favor of
für (an und für sich) in itself, taken by itself, in the abstract
für (für sich) for itself, by itself, in itself, independently
für (für sich allein) all by itself, entirely by itself, by itself alone
Furcht (die) fear, anxiety, terror, dread, fright
furchtbar awful, horrible, terrible
fürs = für das for the
fußen found, build, base, depend on, rely on
Fußsteig (der) footpath, sidewalk
Gabe (die) gift, talent, endowment
ganz whole, entire, undivided, complete, intact
ganz (ganz und gar) wholly, totally, entirely, absolutely, through and through
ganz (ganz und gar nicht) not at all, by no means
ganz (ganz wohl) very well
Ganze (das) whole, entirety, totality, total
gar entirely, fully, absolutely, very, quite
gar (gar kein) not the least, not the slightest
geartet composed, constituted, natured, disposed, formed
gebähnt beaten, traveled, worn
geben give, present, confer, bestow, yield
geben (es gibt) there is, there are
Gebiet (das) area, region, district, territory, zone
gebieten command, order, bid, lay down the law, govern
gebietend commanding, sovereign
gebildet formed, shaped, fashioned, educated, cultured
Gebot (das) command, order, precept
Gebrauch (der) employment, use, usage, custom, practice
gebrauchen use, employ, make use of
Gebrechlichkeit (die) frailty, feebleness, weakness, infirmity, decrepitude
gedachte aforesaid, thought-of, proposed
Gedanke (der) thought, idea, conception, notion, design
Gedanken (in Gedanken vertieft) engrossed in thought, preoccupied
gedenken bear in mind, think of, be mindful of, remember, make mention of
Gedränge (das) crowd, press, throng, need, distress
Geduld (die) patience, forbearance, endurance
Gefahr (die) danger, peril, hazard, risk
gefährlich dangerous, hazardous, perilous, risky
gefallen please
gefaßt ready, prepared
gefaßt (auf alle Ereignisse gefaßt) prepared for whatever might happen, prepared for all eventualities
gefaßt (sich gefaßt machen auf eine Sache) prepare oneself for something, accept something with composure
Gefühl (das) feeling, sentiment, emotion
gegen towards, to, in the direction of, in favor of, against
Gegengewicht (das) counterweight, counterpoise
Gegenhaltung (die) comparison, opposition
Gegensatz (der) opposition, antithesis, contrast
Gegenstand (der) subject, object
Gegentheil (das) = Gegenteil (das) opposite, contrary, reverse, converse
gegenwärtig present, current, extant, actual
Gehalt (der) contents, ingredients, content, capacity, strength
geheim secret, private, confidential, hidden, concealed
gehen go, move, walk, proceed, pass
gehoben raised, lifted, removed, canceled, elevated
Gehör (das) hearing
gehorchen obey
gehören belong to, be owned by, be part of, appertain to, be due to
gehörig belonging to, appertaining to, fitting
gehts (was geht das mich an?) what's that to me?
Geist (der) spirit, mind, intellect
gelangen reach, arrive, arrive at, attain, achieve
Geld (das) coin, money, cash
gelegen situated, convenient, opportune, fit, proper
gelegen (es ist mir wenig daran gelegen) it is of no consequence to me, it is a matter of indifference to me
gelegentlich occasionally, incidentally
gelehrt learned, scholarly, erudite
gelingen succeed, manage, prosper
gelten be valid, hold good, be considered as, be current, pass for
gelten (geltend machen) urge, assert, vindicate
Gemächlichkeit (die) convenience, comfort, ease
gemäß according to, conformably to, in conformity with, suitable, conformable
gemäß (seinen Grundsätzen gemäß leben) live according to one's principles, live up to one's principles
Gemäßheit (die) conformity
gemein common, general, ordinary, low, vulgar
Gemeingültigkeit (die) generality, vulgarity, coarseness
gemeiniglich commonly, usually, generally
gemeinnützig generally useful, commonly useful
gemeinschaftlich common, mutual, joint, collective
gemeinverständlich commonly understandable
Gemisch (das) mixture, composition, alloy, medley
gemischt mixed, combined
Gemüth (das) = Gemüt (das) mind, soul, heart, disposition, spirit
Gemüthskräfte (die) = Gemütskräfte (die) powers of mind, mental powers
genau accurate, exact, precise
generalitas generality
genießen eat or drink, take nourishment, enjoy, have the benefit of
genöthigt necessitated, obliged, forced, coerced, compelled
genug = gnug enough, sufficient, sufficiently
genügen be enough, suffice, satisfied with, content with
Genuß (der) enjoyment
gerade direct, straight, precise, exact
geräth fall into, get into, come into
gerathen fall into, get into, come into
gerecht just, fair, righteous, upright, legitimate
gerechtfertigen justify
Gerichtshof (der) court of justice, law courts, tribunal
geringeres (das) = Geringeres (das) lesser
Geringeres (nichts Geringeres als) nothing short of, nothing less than
geringschätzen esteem lightly, scorn, despise, think little of
gern gladly, with pleasure, readily, willingly
gesäubert cleanse, clean
Geschäft (das) business, commerce, trade, transaction, deal
geschehen take place, happen, come to pass, occur, be done
geschehen (es kann geschehen, daß) it may chance that
gescheut clever
Geschichte (die) history, story
Geschicklichkeit (die) skill
Geschlecht (das) kind, species, race, family, stock
Geschmack (der) taste, flavor, relish, fancy, liking
Geschöpf (das) creature, production, creation
Geschwätz (das) idle talk, babble, tittle-tattle, gossiping, rigmarole
Gesetz (das) law, statute, commandment, decree, precept
Gesetze (die) laws
gesetzgebend lawgiving, legislating
Gesetzgeber (der) lawgiver
Gesetzgebung (die) lawgiving, legislating, enactment
gesetzmäßig lawful, legitimate, legal, according to laws, regular
Gesetzmäßigkeit (die) conformity to law
gesetzt fixed, set, placed, established, posited
gesetzwidrig contrary to law, unlawful, illegal
Gesichtspunct (der) = Gesichtspunkt (der) point of view, standpoint
gesinnt minded, disposed, affected
Gesinnung (die) disposition, sentiment, conviction, mind, way of thinking
Gespinst (das) spun yarn, web, cocoon, tissue of lies
Gestalt (die) form, shape, figure, build, frame
Geständnis (das) admission, acknowledgement, confession, avowal
Geständnisse (die) admissions, acknowledgements
gestehen admit, acknowledge, grant, confess, own
gestimmt tuned, attuned, disposed, inclined, constituted
gesund sound, healthy, well, solvent, wholesome
Gesundheit (die) health
gewähren grant, concede, accord, vouchsafe, give
gewähren (Vergnügen gewähren) afford pleasure
Gewalt (die) power, authority, dominion, might, control
Gewerbe (das) trade, business, industry, profession
gewinnen win, gain, obtain, acquire, earn
gewirkt woven
Gewisheit (die) = Gewißheit (die) certainty, assurance, proof, certitude
gewiß certain, sure, assured, positive, true
Gewissen (das) conscience
gewitzigt taught by experience, shrewd
Gewohnheit (die) habit, custom, usage, fashion
gewöhnlich usual, customary
gewohnt accustomed to, in the habit of, used to, usual
geziemend proper, becoming, suitable, fit
Giftmischer (der) poisoner
glänzen shine, glitter, glisten, gleam, sparkle
Glauben (der) faith, confidence, trust, belief
gleich same, like, equal, equivalent, alike
gleich (in gleichem Maße) to the same extent, to the same degree
gleichartig of the same kind, homogeneous, similar, analogous
gleichen equal, match, be equal to, resemble, be like
gleichfalls likewise, also, in the same way, even, in like case
gleichgültig indifferent, unconcerned, apathetic
gleichsam as it were, as if, as though, so to speak, so to say
gleichwohl = gleichwohl nevertheless, notwithstanding, yet, for all that, even so
Glied (das) member
Glieder (die) members
Glück (das) happiness, good fortune, prosperity
glücklich fortunate, lucky, prosperous, successful, auspicious
Glückseligkeit (die) happiness. bliss, rapture
Glücksgaben (die) gifts of fortune
gnug = genug enough, sufficient, sufficiently
gnugsam sufficient, plentiful
Gnugthuung (die) satisfaction
Gottesfurcht (die) fear of God, piety
göttlich divine, godlike, godly
Grad (der) degree, rank, grade, rate, stage
Gram (der) sorrow, misery, grief, affliction
grämisch peevish, morose, sullen, surly, sour
Grenze (die) boundary, border, limit, edge, frontier
griechisch Greek
grob coarse, rude, uncivil, gross, flagrant
groß tall, high, great, big, large
größt tallest, highest, greatest, bigest, largest
größtentheils for the most part, mostly, chiefly
Grübler (der) over-subtle reasoner, melancholy brooder, one lost in futile speculation, speculator, hair-splitter
Grund (aus dem Grunde) fundamentally, thoroughly, utterly
Grund (aus welchem Grunde) from what ground, for whatever reason, for whatever ground, on whatever ground
Grund (der) ground, first principle, reason, basis, base
Grund (im Grunde) at bottom, after all, really, fundamentally
Gründe (die) grounds, first principles, reasons
Gründe (Gründe angeben) specify reasons
gründen establish, found, ground, base
gründen (sich) rest on, be based on, rely on, is grounded on
Grundlage (die) foundation, base, basis, rudiments, groundwork
grundlegend fundamental
Grundlegung (die) laying the foundation, groundlaying
gründlich thorough, solid, well-founded, profound, radical
grundlose groundless
Grundsatz (der) ground proposition, basic principle, rule of conduct, axiom, basic principle
Gründung (die) foundation, establishment, founding
gültig valid, binding, good, legal, authentic
Gültigkeit (die) validity
Gunst (die) favor, goodwill, kindness, affection, partiality
Gunst (zu Gunsten von) in favor of, on behalf of, to the credit of
günstig favorable, advantageous, convenient, propitious, kind
gut good, excellent, desirable, beneficial, pleasant
gutartig good-natured, benign, mild
Gute (das) goodness, good quality
Güte (die) kindness, goodness, excellence, purity, quality
gutgesinnt friendly, right-minded, loyal, well-disposed
haben have, possess, hold, bear
haben (sich) behave
halben half
halbvernünftelnd half-reasoned, half-rationalized, half-baked, semi-rational
Hals (auf den Hals ziehen) bring down on one's head
Hals (der) neck, throat
halten hold, keep, retain, think, deem
halten (halten für) look upon, consider, think, take to be
Halter (der) holder, keeper, owner
Hand (an die Hand geben) provide, supply
Hand (die) hand
handeln act
Handeln (das) acting, action
handhaben handle, manipulate, manage, deal with, operate
Handlung (die) action, deed, performance, act, transaction
Handwerk (das) handicraft, trade, guild
Hang (der) propensity, bias, bent, disposition
hängen hang, suspend, attach, fasten
Haß (der) hate, hatred, enmity
häufig frequent, repeated, often, numerous, abundant
Hauptfrage (die) main issue, main question, key question, central question
Hauptzug (der) leading feature, principal feature, main feature, main direction, outline
heben lift, raise, elevate, heave, draw up
Heiligkeit (die) holiness, godliness, sanctity, sacredness
heißen to be called, to be named, mean, signify, name
heißen (es heißt) it is said, it is reported, they say
heller brighter, brightly
her hither, here, this way, from
herabbringen bring down, reduce
Herablassung (die) condescension, descent, courtesy, affability
herabsetzen lower, degrade, undervalue, minimize, disparage
heraus out, from
herausbekommen arrive at, elicit
herauskommen come out, come forth, issue, appear, be issued
herauskommen (aus etwas herauskommen) recover from something, get over something
herausziehen extract
herbei here, near, on, this way
herbeiführen bring about, bring up, bring near, induce, cause
herbeiziehen draw near, pull near, draw towards, pull towards
hergeben give up, deliver, give away, hand over
herholen fetch, import
hernehmen take, get, draw from, deduce, derive
Herold (der) herald, mouthpiece
herrlich magnificent, splendid, glorious
Herrschbegierde (die) dominion
herum round, round about, around, about
herumschwärmen swarm about, revel, riot, rove, wander
herumsuchen seek round, look around for, hunt around for
hervorbringen produce, bring forth, generate
hervorscheinen shine forth
hervorstechen stand out, jut out, be conspicuous
Herz (das) heart
herzählen reckon up, enumerate
hiebei hereby, in doing so, herewith, by, at
hiedurch by this means, by this, due to this, hereby, thereby
hiemit herewith, along with this, saying this, doing this
hieran hereupon, on this, at this, by this, in this
hieraus hereby, by this, out of this, from here, from this
hierin in this
hierüber over here, about this, concerning this
hievon hereof, of this, from this
hiezu hereto, to this, add to this, in addition to this, moreover
Himmel (der) heaven, heavens, sky, firmament
hinaus out, outside, forth, beyond
hinausgehen go out, go beyond, surpass, exceed, transcend
Hindernis (das) hindrance, obstacle, impediment, bar, check
hinein into, inside, from out here
hineinempfinden therein feel
hineinschauen therein intuit
hingegen on the contrary, on the other hand, whereas
hinlänglich sufficient, adequate
hinreichend sufficient, adequate, enough
Hintansetzung (die) disregard, neglecting, slighting
hinter behind, after
hinterher behind, afterwards, in the rear
hinzu to, towards, near, in addition, besides
hinzufügen add to, append
hinzukommen be added, come up to
hinzuthun add
Hirn (das) brain, brains, intellect
Hirngespinst (das) fancy, whim, chimera, bogey, phantom
hoch high, tall, lofty, noble, sublime
hochachtungswürdig worthy of esteem, deserving of highest respect, deserving of greatest regard
hochfliegend high-flying, soaring, lofty, ambitious, high-flown
Hochpreisung (die) eulogy
hochschätzen highly esteem
Hochschätzung (die) high esteem
hoffen hope, expect, look for
Hoffnung (die) hope, expectation
hoffnungslos hopeless
Hoffnungslosigkeit (die) hopelessness, despair
Höflichkeit (die) politeness, courtesy, civility
hohe high, tall, lofty, noble, sublime
i. (d. i. = das ist) i.e. = that is
Ich (das) self, ego
Idee (die) idea, notion, conception, thought, fancy
ihr you, her, its, their, your
im = in dem in the, at the
imgleichen also, in addition, furthermore, moreover, likewise
immer always, every, every time, perpetually, continually
immer (immer weiter) on and on, further and further
immer (immer wieder) again and again
immer (laß ihn nur immer kommen) he can come for all I care, as far as I'm concerned he can come
immer (was er nur immer haben mag) what can be the matter with him!
Imperativ (der) imperative
Imperative (die) imperatives
in in, at, into, to, within
Inbegriff (der) contents, embodiment, essence, tenor, purport
indem just then, meanwhile, during the time that, while, in doing that
indessen meanwhile, meantime, while, however, nevertheless
ingeheim secretly, covertly, tacitly
Inhalt (der) content, contents, subject, purport, substance
inne within
inner inner, intrinsic, inward, internal, spiritual
innewerden become aware of, become conscious of, realize
innig intimate, heartfelt, sincere, earnest, cordial
inniglich intimate, heartfelt, sincere, earnest, cordial
insgesamt all together, collectively, in a body, all, in every case
insofern so far as, inasmuch as, if, in case
Intelligenz (die) intelligence, understanding, intellect
intelligibel intelligible
Interesse (das) interest, advantages
interessiren interest
interessiren (sich) be interested, take an interest in
irgend any, some, perhaps, about, nearly
ist is
ists = ist es it is
ja yes, truly, really, indeed, certainly
ja (ja sogar) yes, and what is more
je ever, always, at all times, at any time, at every time
je (je mehr, desto besser) the more, the merrier
jede each, every, either, any, each one
jeder each, every, either, any, each one
jedermann everyone, everybody
jederzeit always, at any time
jedes each, every, either, any, each one
jemals ever, at any time
jene that, that one, the former
Jugend (die) youth, adolescence, young people, early period
Juwel (das|der) jewel, gem, precious stone
kalt cold, cool, chilly, frigid, indifferent
kaltblütig cold-blooded, cool, dispassionate
kämpfen fight, combat, struggle, strive, contend with
kärglich scanty, poor, paltry, wretched, niggardly
kaufen buy, purchase
Käufer (der) purchaser, buyer
Kaufmann (der) merchant, tradesman, shopkeeper
kehren turn, sweep
kehren (sich kehren an) turn, regard, heed, mind, pay attention to
kein no, not a, not one, not any
keinesweges in no way
kennen know, be acquainted with, have cognizance of
Kenner (der) connoisseur, judge, expert, specialist
Kenntnis (die) = Kenntniß (die) knowledge, acquaintance, information, cognizance
Kind (das) child, offspring
Kinder (die) children, offspring
Klage (die) complaint, grievance, accusation
klar clear, limpid, transparent, bright, pure
klein little, small, tiny, minute, diminutive
kleinmütig despondent, faint-hearted, dejected
klug prudent, wise
klüger more prudent, wiser
Klugheit (die) prudence, good sense, cleverness, sagacity, shrewdness
klüglich prudent, wise
knüpfen attach, fasten, unite, join
kommen come, arrive, approach, get to, draw near
kommen (einem zustatten kommen) prove useful to a person, come in useful to a person
kommen (wenn es hoch kommt) at the most
kommen (zustande kommen) occur, happen, take place, come to pass
kommen (zustatten kommen) be of use, be serviceable
können be able to, be capable of, be permitted to, be in a position to, know how
können (es kann sein) it may be
Körper (der) body, bulk, matter, compound, substance
Kraft (die) power, force, strength, energy, vigor
Kräfte (die) powers, forces, strengths, energies
kräftig strong, powerful, energetic, vigorous, robust
kraftlos impotent, weak, feeble, powerless, ineffectual
Krämer (der) shopkeeper, retailer, tradesman, grocer, haberdasher
Kundschaft (die) information, notice, knowledge
künftig future
Kunst (die) art, skill
Künste (die) arts, skills
küren choose, elect
kurz short, brief, abrupt, summary, concise
kurz (kurz vorher) a little while before, a short time previously
laben refresh, revive, restore, comfort, delight
laben (sich an ... laben) enjoy ... thoroughly
lachen laugh
Lage (die) situation, position, site, locality, location
lang long, tall
lange by far, a long while, long
lange (lange nicht) not nearly
länger longer, taller
lassen let, leave alone, leave
lassen (das läßt sich leicht tun) that may easily be done, we can easily have that done
lassen (es läßt sich nicht) it cannot be done, it is not practicable, it is not feasible
lassen (es läßt sich nicht übersetzen) it cannot be translated, it defies translation
Last (die) load, burden, weight, cargo, charge
Laster (das) vice, depravity
lästig burdensome, troublesome, irksome, annoying, tedious
laufen run, go, walk, move, flow
laufen (Gefahr laufen) run a risk
Laune (die) mood, humor, temper, frame of mind, whim
launig humorous, comical, funny, droll
lauten sound, run, read, purport to be, have tenor of
lauter only, nothing but, pure and simple
Lauterkeit (die) purity, clearness, uprightness, integrity, sincerity
Lebenswandel (der) conduct of life, mode of life, behavior, habits, life style
lebhaft lively, vivacious, spirited, active, sprightly
lediglich only, merely, simply, solely
leer empty, vacant, void, unoccupied, blank
legen lay, put, place, deposit, set
legen (zu Grunde legen) base upon, take as a basis, take as a ground, lay down as ground
Lehrbegriff (der) doctrine, system, outline, manual of science
Lehre (die) instruction, lesson, precept, teaching, warning
lehren teach, instruct, inform, show, prove
Lehren (die) instructions, lessons, precepts, teachings, warnings
lehren (einen lesen lehren) to teach someone to read
Lehrer (der) teacher, schoolmaster, instructor, tutor
leicht light, easy, free, facile, nimble
Leichtigkeit (die) ease, facility, agility, readiness
leiden suffer, bear, endure, undergo, put up with
Leiden (das) suffering, pain, torment, affliction, malady
leidend passive, ailing, suffering
Leidenschaft (die) passion
leihen lend, loan, borrow
leisten do, fulfill, carry out, perform, accomplish
leisten (Folge leisten) obey
leiten lead, guide, conduct, direct, manage
Leitfaden (der) guiding thread, clue, guide, manual
Leitung (die) leading, guidance, direction, administration, directorate
Lenkung (die) direction, steering, controlling, governing, control
lernen learn, study
Leser (der) reader
letzt last, latest, ultimate, final, extreme
letztere the latter
leuchten illuminate, shine, light, give light, radiate
Licht (das) light, illumination
lieb dear, beloved, valued, esteemed, attractive
Liebe (die) love, affection, fondness, kindness, favour
liebenswürdig kind, amiable, charming
lieber rather, instead
liefern deliver, hand over, furnish, supply, offer
liegen lie, rest, repose, be recumbent, be situated
liegen (zu Grunde liegen) underlie, be based upon, be the basis of, be at the root of, be at the bottom of
liegend lying, recumbent, prostrate, horizontal, situated
liegendes (das) = Liegendes (das) something lying under, the underlying
Linie (die) line
Lob (der) praise, commendation, eulogy, applause, fame
Logik (die) logic
logisch logical
Lohn (der) reward
los loose, slack, flowing, dishevelled, free
Lossagung (die) renunciation, withdrawal
Lüge (die) lie, falsehood, untruth
lügen lie, fib, tell a lie, deceive, be false
lügenhaft lying, false, untrue, deceitful, mendacious
Lust (die) pleasure, joy, delight
Luxus (der) luxury, sumptuousness, extravagance
Maasstab (der) = Maßstab (der) ruler, rule, measure, standard, scale
machen make, do, manufacture, fabricate, create
machen (Anspruch machen auf) put forward a claim to, lay claim to
machen (es läßt sich nicht machen) it cannot be done, it is not practicable, it is not feasible
machen (etwas zu Gelde machen) turn something into money
machen (sich) do well, get on, come right, happen
machen (sich etwas zum Gesetze machen) make it a rule or law for oneself
Macht (die) power, might, strength, authority
mächtig mighty, strong, powerful
mag (es mag sei!) let it pass! granted!
mag (wie dem auch sein mag) be that as it may
man one, they, people, we, you
manch many a, many a one
manche many, some, several
mancherlei various, sundry, diverse
manches many a thing, many things
manchmal sometimes, now and again, from time to time
Maß (das) measure, measurement, size, dimension, gauge
mäßigen moderate, temper, ease, mitigate, allay
Mäßigung (die) moderation, restraint
material material
Material (das) material, matter, substance, stuff
Materie (die) matter, stuff, substance, subject, cause
materiell material, real, materialistic
Maxime (die) maxim, principle
Mechanismus (der) mechanism, works
mehr more
Mehr (das) majority, increase, surplus, excess, more
mehren increase, augment, multiply, propagate, grow
mehrentheils for the most part, mostly, often
mehrere several
Mehrere (das) more
mehrmals again and again, repeatedly, more than once, several times, often
meinen be of the opinion, believe, think, suppose, mean
meist most, mostly, generally, usually
meist (am meisten) most of all, for the most part
Meister (der) master, chief, leader, boss
Meister (seiner Gefühle Meister werden) get one's feelings under control
Menge (die) multitude, crowd, quantity, number, amount
Mensch (der) human being, man, person
Menschen (die) people, mankind
Menschenvernunft (die) human reason
Menschheit (die) humanity, human race, mankind
merken note, mark, observe, perceive, notice
merklich marked, noticeable, appreciable, visible, perceptible
Metaphysik (die) metaphysics
Methode (die) method, way, manner, process
mindest least, smallest, lowest, minimum
mir me, to me
mischen mix, mingle, blend, combine, compound
Mischmasch (der) medley, hotchpotch, hodgepodge, mish-mash
mißfallen displease, be displeasing, offend
mißlich precarious, doubtful, uncertain
Mißverstandes (das) misunderstanding, misconception, mistake, error
mit with, along with, in company with, at the same time with, by
mitbringen bring with, entail
mithin therefore, consequently, hence, and therefore, and consequently
Mittel (das) means, way
mittelbar mediate, mediated, indirect, collateral
mitten midway
mitten (mitten inne) right in the middle, amidst
mitten (mitten unter) amongst, amidst, in the midst of
mittler middle, central, medium, average, mean
mitunter sometimes, at times, occasionally, now and then
Mitwirkung (die) cooperation, assistance, participation
mögen want, wish, like, desire, have a mind to
möglich possible, practicable, feasible
Möglichkeit (die) possibility
Moral (die) morals, morality, ethics, moral philosophy
Moralische (das) moral, moral matters, what is moral, that which is moral
Moralischen (das) moral, moral matters, what is moral, that which is moral
Moralität (die) morality
Mühe (die) trouble, pains, effort, toil, labor
Mühseligkeit (die) hardship, misery, irksomeness
Münze (die) coin, coinage, small change
Müßiggang (der) idleness
Muster (das) model, ideal, paragon, pattern, design
Muth (der) = Mut (der) courage, pluck, fortitude, boldness, mettle
nach after, behind, following, according to, in conformity with
nach (nach und nach) little by little, by degrees, gradually, by and by
Nachahmung (die) imitation, counterfeiting, forgery
nachdem afterwards, hereafter, after, according as, according to the way that
Nachdenken (das) reflection
nachdenkend reflective, thinking
Nachdruck (der) stress, emphasis, energy, vigor, force
Nachforschung (die) quest, search, investigation, research
Nachfrage (die) inquiry, demand, request
nachhängen give way to, give oneself up to, indulge in, be addicted to
nachher afterwards, later, subsequently
Nachlässigkeit (die) negligence, carelessness, inaccuracy, remissness, slack
nachlaßlichen remitting, remissible, pardonable, postponable, discontinuous
nachsetzen put after, put behind, set after, place after, subordinate
Nachsicht (die) indulgence, forbearance, leniency, clemency, pity
Nachsicht (Nachsicht üben gegen) be indulgent toward, make allowance for
nachstehen make way for, give way to
Nachstellung (die) intrigue, pestering
Nachtheil (der) = Nachteil (der) detriment, disadvantage
nachtheilig disadvantageous, prejudicial, detrimental
näher nearer, closer, more precise, more detailed, more intimate
Nahme (der) = Name (der) name, title, denomination, noun, appellation
nämlich = nemlich the self-same, namely, that is to say, of course
Natur (die) nature, disposition, constitution
Naturabsicht (die) purpose of nature
Naturanlage (die) disposition, temperament, natural constitution, natural aptitudes, natural predisposition
Naturbeschaffenheit (die) natural constitution, natural character
Natureinrichtung (die) natural tendency
Naturgabe (die) natural gift, natural talent, natural endowment
Naturgesetz (das) law of nature, natural law
Naturlehre (die) doctrine of nature, natural philosophy
Naturmechanismus (der) mechanism of nature
Naturnothwendigkeit (die) = Naturnotwendigkeit (die) necessity of nature, natural necessity, physical necessity
Naturordnung (die) natural order, natural ordering
Naturreich (der) natural empire, natural kingdom
Naturwesen (das) natural being
Naturzweck (der) natural end, natural aim
nehmen take, seize, appropriate, capture, lay hold of
nehmen (sich das Leben nehmen) commit suicide, kill oneself, take one's life
nehmen (sich die Freiheit nehmen) take the liberty
Neid (der) envy, grudge, jealousy
Neigung (die) inclination, preference, disposition, tendency
nennen name, call, term, style, denominate
neu new, fresh, recent, modern, novel
nicht not
nicht (nicht einmal) not even, not so much as
nicht (nicht mehr) no more, no longer
nicht (nicht weniger als) no less than
nicht (nicht wohl) not well, poorly, not easily
Nichtachtung (die) disregard, disrespect, neglect, contempt
nichts nothing
Nichts (das) nothingness, emptiness, nothing, void, naught
nichts (nichts als) nothing but, nothing short of
nichts (nichts weniger als) anything but, nothing less than
nichts (um nichts) for nothing
Nichtsein (das) non-existence, nullity
niederschlagen dejected, depressed, low-spirited, cast-down
niedrig low, lowly, inferior, base, abject
niemals never, at no time
niemand nobody, no one
nimmermehr nevermore, never, not at all
nirgend nowhere, nowhere at all
noch still, yet, in addition, besides, further
noch (noch dazu) besides, moreover
noch (noch immer) still
noch (noch nicht) not yet, not quite
non not, no
Norm (die) rule, standard, model, norm, criterion
Noth (die) = Not (die) need, want, distress, misery, exigency
nöthig = nötig necessary, required
nöthig (etwas nöthig haben) need a thing, be in need of a thing
nöthigen = nötigen necessitate, oblige, force, constrain, coerce
nöthigend = nötigend necessitating, obliging, constraining
Nöthigung (die) = Nötigung (die) necessitation, constraint, compulsion, coercion
Nothleidenden (die) = Notleidenden (die) sufferers
nothwendig necessary, urgent, essential, indispensable, inevitable
Nothwendigkeit (die) = Notwendigkeit (die) necessity, urgency
nüchtern sober, temperate, moderate, calm, reasonable
Null (die) naught, zero, cipher, blank
nun now, at present, then, henceforth, well
nun now, at present, then, well
nunmehr now, at present, by this time, then, since then
nunmehr now, at present, by this time
nur only, but, merely, solely, alone
nur only, but, merely, solely, alone
nur (so viel ich nur kann) as much as ever I can
Nutzen (der) profit, gain, use, advantage
nützlich useful, of use, serviceable, profitable, advantageous
ob if, whether
oben above, aloft, overhead, on high, upstairs
obenan at the top, at the head, in the first place
obenein over and above, in addition, into the bargain, what is more
Obergewalt (die) supreme power, supreme authority, supremacy, sovereignty
Oberhaupt (das) sovereign, head, chief, master
oberst top, topmost, uppermost, highest, chief
oberst (er sitzt zu oberst in seiner Klasse) he is at the top of his class, he is first in his class
obgleich although, though, albeit, notwithstanding
Obiect (das) = Object (das) = Objekt (das) object, subject
obig above, foregoing, above-mentioned
obliegen be incumbent on one, be one's duty, to be obliged
obzwar although, though, albeit, notwithstanding
oder or, or else, otherwise
offenbar manifest, evident, plain, obvious, palpable
offenbaren manifest, reveal, disclose, proclaim, publish
oft often, frequently
öfter repeated, more frequently, oftener
öfters often, frequently, oftentimes, sometimes, several times
ohn = ohne without
ohne without, apart from, but for, not to speak of, but that
ohnedem besides, all the same, anyhow, moreover
Ordnung (die) arrangement, order, regulation, classification, array
Ort (am unrechten Orte) in the wrong place, out of place, misplaced
Ort (der) place, spot, site, point
Ort (recht am Orte) in the right place
Paar (das) pair, couple
Parteylichkeit (die) = Parteilichkeit (die) bias, partiality
passen fit, be fit, be convenient, suit, be suited
Person (die) person, personage, role, character
Pflicht (die) duty, obligation
pflichtmäßig in conformity with duty, right, dutiful
pfuschen blunder, bungle, botch, meddle in
Phänomen (das) phenomenon, miracle
Phantasterey (die) = Phantasterei (die) fantasy, fancy, fantasticality
Philosoph (der) philosopher
Philosophie (die) philosophy
philosophisch philosophical
Physik (die) physical science, natural philosophy, physics
physisch physical, natural, material, bodily
Platz (der) seat, post, place, spot
Podagrist (der) person suffering from gout
Polster (das) cushion, pillow
practisch = praktisch practical, practically
praecepta precepts, orders, commands
preisen praise, commend, extol, exalt, laud
Preiß (der) = Preis (der) price
Prinzip (das) = Princip (das) principle
Privatabsicht (die) private purpose
Privatklugheit (die) private prudence
Propädevtik (die) = Propädeutik (die) propadeutic
Prüfung (die) examination, investigation, check, test, trial
Punkt (der) = Punct (der) point, topic, item, matter, subject
pünktlich strictly, scrupulously, punctual, prompt, on time
Qualität (die) quality
Quelle (die) source, spring, fountain-head, origin, authority
quod what
Racheifer (der) zeal for vengefulness, eagerness for vengeance
rastlos restless, indefatigable
rathen advise, counsel, commend, give advice, guess
Rathgebung (die) = Ratgebung (die) giving counsel, giving advice, counseling, advising, suggesting
rathsam advisable, expedient, prudent, useful, fit
Rathschlag (der) = Ratschlag (der) counsel, advice, suggestion
Rathschläge (die) = Ratschläge (die) counsels, advice, suggestions
rauben rob, take away, deprive of, pillage, steal
Raum (der) space, room, place, area
Realität (die) reality
rechnen count, calculate, reckon, compute, figure
rechnen (rechnen zu) class
Rechnung (auf seine Rechnung kommen) benefit from, benefit by, profit from
Rechnung (die) account, bill, invoice, reckoning, calculation
recht right, proper, correct, real, true
Recht (das) right, privilege, claim, title, law
Recht (mit Recht) justly, rightly, with reason
Rechtanspruch (der) rightful claim, just claim, legal claim, lawful title
Rechtschaffenheit (die) integrity, honesty, uprightness, thoroughness
Rede (die) words, talk, discourse, conversation, discussion
reden speak, talk, converse, discourse
redlich honest, upright, sincere, candid, just
Redlichkeit (die) honesty, loyalty, sincerity
rege astir, in motion, moving, active, lively
rege (rege machen) stir up, excite
Regel (die) rule, standard, regulation, precept, principle
Reich (das) kingdom, state, realm, empire, reign
reichhaltig abundant, plentiful, comprehensive, copious, profuse
Reichthum (der) = Reichtum (der) riches, wealth, opulence, abundance
Reihe (die) sequence, series, row, line
rein pure, unmixed, undiluted, clean, clear
Reine (die) purity, pureness, chastity, cleanness, cleanliness
Reinheit (die) purity, pureness, chastity, cleanness, cleanliness
reißen tear, rip, rend
Reiz (der) charm, attraction, fascination, allurement, enticement
reizend enticing, delicious, bewitching, tempting, delightful
richten direct, turn, point, address, set right
richten (sich) rise, stand erect
richten (sich nach einer Sache richten) be governed by a thing, conform to a thing, conform with a thing, depend on a thing, be guided by a thing
Richter (der) judge
richtig right, accurate, correct, exact, true
Richtigkeit (die) correctness, accuracy, exactness, justness, rightness
Richtigkeit (die Sache hat ihre Richtigkeit) it is quite true, it is a fact
Richtigkeit (es hat damit seine Richtigkeit) it is quite true, it is a fact
Richtmaaß (das) = Richtmaß (das) standard gauge, standard, gauge
Richtschnur (die) rule of conduct, rule of thumb, norm
Richtung (die) direction, aim, alignment, bearing, course
roh crude, raw, unrefined, rough, coarse
rosten rust
Rücksicht (die) regard, respect, consideration, notice
Rücksicht (in Rücksicht auf) with regard to
Rücksicht (ohne Rücksicht auf) irrespective of, without regard for
Ruhe (die) rest, repose, peace, quiet, calm
rühmlich commendable, laudable, praiseworthy, glorious
ruhmredig vainglorious, boastful, conceited
rühren move, stir, agitate
s. (u. s. w. = und so weiter) and so on
Sache (die) thing, object, subject, matter, affair
sammeln gather, collect, pick, amass, accumulate
sammt with, together with, along with
Satz (der) proposition, tenet, thesis, theme, theorem
schädlich detrimental, deleterious, prejudicial, disadvantageous, injurious
schaffen provide, procure
schaffen (zu schaffen geben) give trouble, give plenty to do
schaffen (zu schaffen machen) be occupied, be busy
schal stale, flat, dull, insipid, vapid
Schande (die) shame, disgrace, dishonor, infamy, ignominy
scharf sharp, pointed, biting, cutting, pungent
schärfer sharper, more pointed, keener
Scharfsinnigkeit (die) acuteness, ingenuity, clear-sightedness, sagacity, shrewdness
schärfst most acute, keenest, sharpest, most well-focused, most penetrating
schätzen value, appraise, estimate, assess
Schätzung (die) estimation, valuation, evaluation, appraisal, assessment
schauen see, look at, behold, gaze upon, view
Scheideweg (der) crossroads, forked road
scheinbar apparent, seeming, likely, plausible, pretended
scheinen shine, seem, appear, look
Scheinwiderspruch (das) apparent contradiction, seeming contradiction
schicken send, dispatch, remit
schicken (sich) suit, be fit for, be proper, be becoming, come to pass
schicklich appropriate, suitable, fitting
Schicklichkeit (die) fitness, propriety
Schicksal (das) fate, destiny, fortune, lot
Schlag (der) stamp, kind, sort, type, run
Schlauigkeit (die) cunning, astuteness, slyness, subtlety
schlecht bad, wicked, base, poor, inferior
schlechterdings absolutely, utterly, simply, positively, by all means
schlechthin absolutely, simply, merely, plainly, quite
schließen come to a conclusion, infer, conclude, judge
schlimm bad, naughty, evil, sad, severe
Schluß (der) shutting, closing, end, close, finish
Schlußanmerkung (die) concluding remark, final observation, closing note
Schlüsse (die) shuttings, closings, terminations, conclusions, inferences
Schlüssel (der) key, wench, ratio, code, cipher
schmecken taste, taste good, be pleasant to the taste
schmeicheln flatter, compliment
schmelzend melting, liquefying, touching, sentimental, sweet
Schmuck (der) adornment, ornament, decoration, jewels, jewellery
schon already, as yet, by this time, so far, certainly
Schönheit (die) beauty, fineness
schöpfen draw, derive, obtain
Schranke (die) boundary, limit
Schranken (die) boundaries, limits
schrecklich frightful, terrible, dreadful, awful, horrible
Schrift (die) writing, script, text, book, publication
Schriftstelle (die) Scriptural passage
Schritt (der) step, stride, walk
schuldig due, owing, indebted, obliged, bound
Schule (die) school, college, academy, school of though
schwach weak, feeble, infirm, frail, delicate
schwächen weaken, enfeeble, debilitate, enervate, impair
Schwang (der) (im Schwange) in motion, in full swing, in vogue
Schwang (der) (in Schwang kommen) come into fashion
schwankend wavering, fluctuating
schwatzen prate, chatter, go on about
schwer difficult, hard, arduous, trying, severe
Schwierigkeit (die) difficulty, obstacle
schwingen swing, whirl round, flourish, brandish, wield
Seele (die) soul, mind, spirit, heart, human being
Seelenlehre (die) doctrine of the soul, psychology
sehen see, perceive, behold, notice, observe
sehr very, much, very well, greatly
sei be, exist, be alive
sei (es sei!) let it pass! granted!
sei (es sei denn, daß) unless
sei (sei es ..., oder ...) whether ... or ...
sei (sei es drum!) so be it!
seicht shallow, low, flat, superficial, insipid
sein his, its, her, one's, of him
sein (da sein) be present, be existent, be on the spot, be at hand
Seite (die) side, face, page, aspect, member
Seiten (von Seiten) on behalf of, on the part of
sel. = selig blessed, happy, blissful, blest, deceased
selber themselves, myself, herself, himself
selbig the same, the selfsame
selbigen the same, the selfsame
selbst self, myself, yourself, itself, herself
Selbst (das) self
selbst (für sich selbst) by itself
Selbst (sein selbst) his individuality, his own self
Selbstbeherrschung (die) self-control
Selbstbestimmung (die) self-determination
Selbstdenker (der) independent thinker, creative thinker
selbstgewirkt self-woven, self-wrought, self-produced
Selbsthalterin (die) sustainer, author, self-holder, self-keeper
Selbstliebe (die) self-love, self-esteem
Selbstmord (der) suicide
Selbstprüfung (die) self-examination, introspection
selbstständig self-standing, self-established, self-sufficient, independent, independently existing
selbstsüchtig egoistic, selfish, self-interested, self-seeking
Selbstthätigkeit (die) = Selbsttätigkeit (die) self-activity, automatic operation, spontaneity
Selbstverachtung (die) self-contempt, self-disdain, self-scorn
Selbstverläugnung (die) = Selbstverleugnung (die) self-denial, self-abnegation
selig blessed, happy, blissful, blest, deceased
selten rare, unusual, infrequent, scarce
setzen place, set, put, fix, plant
setzen (sich) seat oneself, sit down, take a seat, perch
setzen (sich in Besitz setzen) put in possession of
sich himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself
sich (an und für sich) in itself, on its own, properly considered, in the abstract
sicher secure, safe, sure, certain, positive
Sicherheit (die) certainty, trustworthiness, guarantee, safeguard, security
sichern secure, ensure, safeguard, guarantee
sie she, her, it, they, them
Sinn (der) sense, faculty of sensing, organ of perception, mind, intellect
Sinne (die) senses
sinnen intend, be inclined to do, be resolved to do, be disposed to do
Sinnenwelt (die) world of sense, sensible world, material world, external world
sinnlich sensible, sensuous
Sinnlichen (das) sensible, sensuous
Sinnlichkeit (die) sensibility, sensuality, sensuousness
Sitte (die) custom, habit, etiquette
Sitten (die) morals, manners
Sittenlehre (die) doctrine of morals, moral philosophy
Sittlichguten (das) moral goodness
Sittlichkeit (die) morality
Sitz (der) seat, place, spot
so so, thus, in this way, like this, like that
so (so ... auch) however ...
so (so fern als) as far as, as much as
so (so weit als) as far as, as much as
sobald as soon as
sofern so far as, inasmuch as, if, in case
sofort right now, immediately, instantly, forthwith, at once
sogar even, what is more, indeed, so much so
sogleich right now, immediately, instantly, forthwith, at once
solch such
Sollen (das) ought, should
sollt = sollst ought, should, shalt
sondern but, on the contrary
sonst else, otherwise, besides, moreover, in other respects
sonst (wie sonst) as usual
Sorge (die) grief, sorrow, worry, anxiety, apprehension
Sorge (Sorge tragen für) be anxious about
sorgen (sich) be anxious, be apprehensive, be concerned, be worried
sorgen (sorgen für) attend to, look after, care for, take care of, provide for
Sorgfalt (die) carefulness, care, solicitude, attention, concern
sorgfältig careful, attentive, painstaking, scrupulous, precise
sowohl as well as, just the same as
sowohl (sowohl ... als auch) not only...but also
Sparsamkeit (die) thrift, thriftiness, economy
specifisch specific
Spiel (das) play, game
Spontaneität (die) spontaneity
sprechen speak, talk, converse, discuss, talk over
Staat (der) state, country, government
Stand (der) standing, situation, position, station, state
Standhaftigkeit (die) steadfastness, constancy, resoluteness, firmness
ständig fixed, permanent, established, stationary, constant
Standpunct (der) = Standpunkt (der) point of view, standpoint, viewpoint, position
stark strong, robust, vigorous, numerous, considerable
Stärke (die) strength, vigor, sturdiness, intensity, violence
statt place, stead, instead, in place of
Statt (an ... Statt) in place of ...
Statt (die) place, stead, lieu
stattfinden take place, happen, occur, be the case
stecken put, place, set, plant, stick
stehen stand, be upright, be situated, be, stand still
stehen (im Widerspruch stehen mit) incompatible with
stehen (stehen dafür) guarantee, be answerable to
Stelle (die) place, position, spot, situation, point
stellen place, post
Stellen (nicht von der Stelle kommen) make no progress, not get on
stiefmütterlich stepmotherly, perfunctory, inconsiderate, slighting, unkind
Stimme (die) voice, vote, suffrage, opinion
stimmen harmonize, be in tune, agree, be in keeping, tune
stoßen come across, chance upon, meet with, encounter, pounce upon
strafend punishing, punitive
sträuben ruffle up
sträuben (sich) = streuben (sich) struggle against, resist, oppose
streben strive, struggle, strain
streitig in dispute, disputed, moot, debatable, contestable
Streitigkeit (die) controversy, dispute, difference, quarrel
streng strict, stern, severe, austere, harsh
Strenge (die) severity, sternness, strictness, austerity, stringency
Stück (das) piece, bit, part, fragment
Stufe (die) step, stair, rung
Stümper (der) bungler, blunderer, dabbler
Stümper (die) bunglers, blunderers, dabblers
stützen prop up, shore up, sustain, support, rest
stützen (sich auf einer Sache stützen) be based on, rest on, depend on, be founded on
Subiect (das) = Subject (das) subject, fellow creature
subjectiv subjective, personal, biased
subtil subtle, cunning, delicate, fine
Subtil (das) subtle
Subtile (die) subtleties
subtiles subtle
subtilsten most subtle
suchen seek, want, desire, try to, trace
Summe (die) sum, sum total, amount
süß sweet, sweetened, fresh, charming, dear
synthetisch synthetic
System (das) system, plan, doctrine, school
Tadel (der) blame, censure, rebuke, reproach, reprimand
Tappe (die) paw, paw mark
tappen groping, fumbling
tappen (im Dunkeln tappen) grope in the dark
taugen be good for, be fit for, be of use, be of value, be worth
tauglich fit, able, capable, suitable, useful
Tauglichkeit (die) fitness, suitability, usefulness
Täuschung (die) illusion, deception, fraud
Teleologie (die) teleology
That (die) = Tat (die) deed, act, action, feat, achievement
That (in der That) in fact, in reality, actually, truly, indded
Thätiges (das) = Tätiges (das) something active
Thätigkeit (die) = Tätigkeit (die) activity, action, function, occupation, profession
Theil (der) = Teil (der) part, portion, piece, component, element
theilen = teilen divide, share out, deal out, separate, sever
theilen (sich) = teilen (sich) branch off, diverge, divide, participate in, share in
theilhaftig = teilhaftig partaking of, participating in, sharing in
theilhaftig (einer Sache theilhaftig werden) partake of something, share something
theilhaftig (sich einer Sache theilhaftig machen) participate in something
Theilnehmung (die) = Teilnehumung (die) compassion, sympathy, pity
theils = teils partly, in part, to some extent
theils (zum theile) = teils (zum teile) partly, in part, to some extent
theoretisch theoretical
thun = tun do, perform, execute, make, put
thun (Abbruch thun) damage, be prejudicial to, injure, impair, violate
thun (auf eine Sache Verzicht thun) renounce a thing
thun (das läßt sich thun) that can be done, that is possible
thun (sich darum zu thun) anxious to do, concerned to do, important to do
thun (sich thun lassen) be practicable, feasible
Thun (und Lassen) doing and letting, doing and not doing, commissions and omissions, conduct
thun (Verzicht thun) renounce, relinquish, resign, waive, give up all claim to
Thunlichkeit (die) = Tunlichkeit (die) practicability, feasibility
tibi you, yourself
Tichten (das) intention, scheming, planning
tief deep, profound, low, dark, far
Titel (der) title, heading, claim
Tod (der) death
tödten = töten kill, slay, put to death
tödtlich = tötlich deadly, fatal, lethal, mortal
trachten try, strive, endeavor
Trachten (das) endeavor, aim, aspiration, striving
tragen bear, carry, convey, wear, have on
Traum (der) dream, vision, day-dream, fancy, illusion
treffen hit, strike, affect, touch, concern
treiben drive, push, force, set in motion, propel
trennen separate, divide, part, sever, sunder
trennen (sich) part, separate
treten step, walk, tread, go, pass over to
treu faithful, loyal, constant, conscientious, staunch
Treue (die) fidelity, faithfulness, loyalty, constancy, sincerity
Trieb (der) sprout, young shoot, driving force, motive power, impetus
Triebfeder (die) incentive, motive, main spring, impulsion
Triumph (der) triumph, victory
trivial trivial, trite, hackneyed, banal
trüglich deceitful, deceptive, misleading, delusive, insidious
Tugend (die) virtue
tugendhaft virtuous
u. (u. s. w. = und so weiter) and so on
übel evil, bad, wrong, sick, ill
üben exercise, practice, drill, train, use
üben (sich) practice, do exercise
über over, above, on top of, higher than, superior to
überall everywhere, all over, throughout, at all times, at all
überdem besides, moreover
übereilt premature, over-quickly, rash, over-hasty, unguarded
übereinkommen come to an agreement, come to terms, reach an agreement
übereinstimmen agree, concur, be in agreement
überflüssig superfluous, unnecessary, in excess, surplus, left over
überhaupt generally, in general, as such, in the abstract, really
überhoben excused from, relieved from
überlegt well weighed, deliberate
überlegt (alles wohl überlegt) taking everything into account
übernehmen take over, take charge of
überreden persuade, convince
überschreiten overstep, go beyond, exceed
übersteigend stepping over, getting over, surpassing, exceeding, going beyond
überteuern overcharge, charge too much for
übertreten transgress, violate, infringe, overstep, trespass
überwiegen outweigh, surpass, exceed
überzeugend convincing, conclusive
übler more badly, more wrongly
übrig left over, remaining, other, rest
übrigbleiben remain over, left
übrigens moreover, besides, after all, however, furthermore
Uebel (das) = Übel (das) evil, wound, injury, ill, trouble
Ueberdruß (der) = Überdruß (der) boredom, ennui, satiety, disgust
Uebereinstimmung (die) = Übereinstimmung (die) agreement, accord, harmony, consistency
Uebergang (der) = Übergang (der) transition, passage, crossing
Uebergewicht (das) = Übergewicht (das) predominance, preponderance, ascendancy, superiority, overweight
Ueberlegung (die) = Überlegung (die) reflection, consideration, deliberation
Uebermuth (der) = Übermuth (der) arrogance, presumption, bravado, high spirits, wantonness
Ueberschlag = Überschlag rough calculation, estimate
Uebertretung = Übertretung transgression, infringement, breach, violation
Ueberzeugung (die) = Überzeugung (die) persuasion, conviction, belief
Uebrig (das|der|die) = Übrig (das|der|die) left over, remaining, rest
Uebung (die) = Übung (die) practice, exercise, training, use
um about, round, around, approximately, round about
um (es is schade um den Verlust) it is a pity about the loss
um (um Gottes willen) for God's sake
um (um meinetwillen) for my sake
um (um zu) in order to, so as to, to
umarmen embrace, hug
umbringen kill, murder, destroy
Umfang (der) extent, range, circumference, sphere
umgehen go round, revolve, circulate
umgehen (umgehen mit) have in mind, contemplate, be occupied with
umkehren turn back, turn around, return, retrace, reverse
umkehren (einen Satz unkehren) convert a proposition, invert a proposition
umsehen (sich) look around, look about one
Umstand (der) circumstance, case, fact, condition, situation
Umstände (die) circumstances, particulars, details, facts, conditions
umwölkt clouded over, overcast, darkened
Unabhängichkeit (die) independence, autonomy
unabhängig independent, autonomous, unrelated
unächten = unechten spurious, false, sham, not genuine
unangenehm unpleasant, disagreeable, distasteful
unangerührt untouched, undisturbed
unangesehen not looked at, disregarded, unheeded, irrespective of
unauflöslich insoluble, inscrutable, indecipherable, inexplicable, impenetrable
unausbleiblich unfailing, certain, inevitable, inexorable, ineluctable
unausgemacht undecided, uncertain, not settled, questionable
unbedingt unconditional, absolute, unqualified
unbefriedigt unsatisfied, dissatisfied, discontented, unappeased, disappointed
Unbegreiflichkeit (die) incomphrehensibility, incredibility, incredible thing
unbekannt unknown, unheard of, obscure, unacquainted
unbeschränkt unlimited, boundless, infinite
Unbestand (der) instability, impermanence, changeableness, inconstancy
unbestimmt indeterminate, undetermined, undefined, ambiguous, indefinite
unbrauchbar useless, unserviceable, of no use
und and
Unding (das) impossibility, absurdity, non-sense
uneigennützig disinterested, unselfish, magnanimous, altruistic
uneigennützig disinterested
uneingeschränkt unlimited, unbounded, unchecked
Uneinigkeit (die) discord, disunion, disunity, dissension, disagreement
Unempfindlichkeit (die) coldness, insensibility, indifference
unendlich infinite, endless, unlimited
unentbehrlich indispensable, essential, absolutely necessary
unerachtet even though, notwithstanding, in spite of, despite
unerheblich inconsiderable, unimportant
unerlaßlich unavoidable, indispensable, essential, requisite
unerläßlich unavoidable, indispensable, essential, requisite
unerlaubt impermissible, forbidden
unermeßlich immense, immeasurable, boundless, unbounded, vast
unfähig incapable, unable, unfit, incompetent
unfruchtbar unfruitful, unprofitable, unproductive, barren, sterile
ungeachtet notwithstanding, in spite of, despite, though, although
ungefähr = ohngefähr approximately
ungefähr approximate, approximately, about, nearly, almost
Ungelegenheit (die) inconvenience, inexpediency, inopportuneness, unseasonableness
Ungemächlichkeit (die) discomfort, inconvenience, unpleasantness, irksomeness
ungereimt unrhymed, nonsensical, absurd
ungestüm impulsive, impetuous, vehement, boisterous, obstreperous
Ungewisheit (die) = Ungewißheit (die) uncertainty, doubt, misgiving
ungewiss uncertain, doubtful, dubious, indecisive, hazardous
Ungleichheit (die) dissimilarity, unlikeness, difference, variation
Unglück (das) misfortune, bad luck, distress, misery, affliction
Unglückliche (der) unfortunate man, wretched man, unhappy man
Ungunst (die) disfavor, ill-will, malignity, malice, unkindness
universalitas universality
unkenntlich unrecognizable, indiscernible, irrecognizable
unkenntlich (unkenntlich machen) disguise
unklug imprudent, unwise, misguided, ill-advised, impolitic
Unlauterkeit (die) impurity
Unlust (die) dislike, aversion, repugnance, disinclination, disgust
unmittelbar immediate, direct
unmöglich impossible
Unmöglichkeit (die) impossibility
unnachlaßlich inflexible, inescapable, indispensable, unavoidable, unremittingly
unpartheyisch = unparteyisch = unparteiisch impartial, disinterested, unprejudiced, unbiased, neutral
unrecht wrong, false, incorrect, not right, unsuitable
unrecht (am unrechten Orte) out of place
Unschuld (die) innocence, purity, chastity
unser our, of us
Unsichtbares (das) the unseen, the invisible, the imperceptible
unsittlich unmoral, nonmoral
unstreitig incontestably, unquestionably
untauglich unfit, unsuitable, useless, unserviceable
unter under, below, beneath, underneath, among
Unterabtheilung (die) = Unterabteilung (die) subdivision, branch, department
unterfangen (sich) attempt, venture on, venture to, dare to, presume to
untergeordnet subordinate, inferior, minor, secondary
untergraben undermine, sap, destroy, shatter, ruin
unterlassen leave off, discontinue, fail to do, omit to do, neglect doing
Unterlassung (die) omission, neglect, default, oversight
unterlegen put underneath, undergird, attribute to, impute to, credit with
unterliegen be at the bottom of, serve as a basis for
untern lower
unternehmen undertake, attempt
unterordnen subordinate, submit to
Unterordnung (die) subordination
unterscheiden distinguish, discern, discriminate, differentiate
unterscheiden (sich) differ from
Unterscheidung (die) distinction, discrimination, discernment
Unterscheidungszeichen (das) distinguishing mark, distinctive mark, characteristic, criterion
unterschieben substitute, impute to, insinuate, foist
Unterschied (der) distinction, difference, discrimination, variation, dissimilarity
unterschieden different, distinct, distinguished, differentiated
unterstützen support, sustain, prop up, aid, assist
untersuchen investigate
Untersuchung (die) examination, inquiry, investigation, inspection, probing
Unterweisung (die) instruction
unterwerfen subjugate, subordinate, subject to
unterwerfen (sich) submit oneself to, yield oneself to, resign oneself to
unterwerfen (unterworfen sein) be subject to, be exposed to
Unterwürfigkeit (die) subjection, submissiveness, subservience, obsequiousness, servility
untrüglich unerring, infallible
unumschränkt absolute, unlimited
ununterbrochen uninterrupted, unbroken, consecutive, continuous
unverfälscht unfalsified, unadulterated, undistorted, pure, real
unvergleichbar incomparable, inimitable, unrivalled, matchless, peerless
unvermeidlich inevitable, unavoidable, inexorable, ineluctable, irresistable
unvermengt unmixed, unconfused
unvermerkt unnoticed, unperceived, unobserved
unvermögend incapable
unvollkommen incomplete, imperfect, defective, deficient, wanting
Unvollkommenheit (die) imperfection, defectiveness, deficiency, defect
unwahr untrue, insincere, lying, false, fictitious
unwandelbar immutable, invariable, unshakable, undeviating, unchangeable
unwiederbringlich irretrievable, irrecoverable, irredeemable, irreparable, irremediable
unwiederbringlich (unwiederbringlich verloren) irretrievably lost, gone for ever
unwillkührlich = unwillkürlich involuntary, unintentional, unintended, instinctive, automatic
Unwissenheit (die) ignorance, incomprehension
unwürdig unworthy, discreditable, disgraceful, despicable, disreputable
unzertrennlich inseparable
unzufrieden dissatisfied, discontented
unzweckmäßig unpurposively, inapt, inapposite, inappropriate, unsuitable
Urbild (das) original, archetype, prototype
Urheber (der) author, creator, originator, founder
Ursache (die) cause
Ursprung (der) origin, source, starting-point, inception, provenance
ursprünglich original, initial, primary, primitive, primordial
Urtheil (das) = Urteil (das) judgment, decision, sentence, verdict, view
Urtheile (die) = Urteile (die) judgments
urtheilen judge, pass sentence
Urtheilskraft (die) = Urteilskraft (die) power of judgment, faculty of judgment, judgment
verabsäumen neglect, omit, fail to do
verabscheuungswürdig abominable, detestible, execrable, loathsome, worthy of abhorrence
Veranstaltung (die) arrangement, organization, management
verantworten answer for, account for, be responsible for, defend, vindicate
verantworten (sich) justify oneself, vindicate oneself
verbergen hide, conceal
verbergen (sich) hide
verbessern improve, ameliorate, amend, correct, rectify
Verbesserung (die) improvement, amendment, correction
verbinden connect, combine, unite, join, bind
verbinden (eng verbunden mit) closely bound up with
verbindlich binding, obligatory, compulsory, bound, obliged
Verbindlichkeit (die) obligation
Verbindung (die) association, club, union, league, alliance
verborgen hidden, concealed, secret, clandestine, obscure
Verbot (das) prohibition, inhibition, suppression
Verbrecher (der) criminal, felon, wrongdoer, delinquent
verbreiten spread, disseminate, diffuse, disperse, distribute
verdacht blamed, faulted
Verdacht (der) suspicion, distrust
verdenken blame, find fault with
verdenken (einem etwas verdenken) to blame someone for something
verderben ruin, spoil, damage, corrupt
Verderbnis (die) = Verderbniß (die) corruption, decay, destruction, deterioration, depravity
verdienen deserve, merit, earn, gain, get
Verdienst (der) merit, deserts
verdienstlich meritorious, deserving, creditable
verdorben tained, spoiled, rotten, depraved, corrupted
verdunkeln eclipse, darken, obscure, cloud, black out
vereinigen unite, join, ally with, combine, blend
vereinigen (sich) unite, join, ally oneself with, combine, blend
vereinigen (sich vereinigen lassen mit) be compatible with, be consistent with
verfahren act, behave, proceed
Verfahren (das) proceeding, procedure, method, treatment, process
Verfasser (der) author, writer, composer
verfehlen fail to do, miss
verfeinern refine, polish, improve
verfeinern (sich) become refined, grow more refined
verfeinert refined, polished, improved
verfolgen pursue, follow, trail, persecute, prosecute
verführen lead astry, entice, tempt, seduce
vergebens in vain, vainly, to no purpose
vergeblich futile, fruitless, vain, idle
Vergleich (der) comparison, parallel
vergleichen compare, check, draw a comparison
Vergleichung (die) comparison, parallel
Vergnügen (das) pleasure, fun, joy, delight, enjoyment
Vergnügung (die) pleasure, amusement, entertainment, recreation
vergreifen (sich) seize wrongly, seize by mistake, go about something in the wrong way, play the wrong note
vergreifen (sich an geheiligten Sachen vergreifen) profane holy things
vergreifen (sich vergreifen an) violate, infringe, assault, attack, misappropriate
vergüten compensate, make amends, make good, pay back, refund
verhalten keep back, hold back, stop, check, hold
Verhalten (das) conduct, behavior
verhalten (sich) act, behave oneself, conduct oneself, comport oneself
Verhältnis (das) = Verhältniß (das) relation, proportion, rate, ratio, relationship
verheißen promise
verhüten prevent, obviate, avert, ward off, preserve from
verjagen expel, drive out, drive away, dispel, put to flight
verkaufen sell, dispose of
verkaufen sell, dispose of
verkaufen (sich) sell oneself
Verkehr (der) traffic, commerce, trade, business, communication
verknüpfen connect, join, link, bind, unite
Verknüpfung (die) bond, knotting, tying together, linkage, unification
verlachen laugh at, deride, ridicule
verlangen demand, claim, ask for, require, desire
Verlangen (das) longing, desire, wish, demand, request
verlassen leave, quit, vacate, relinquish, give up
Verlegenheit (die) embarrassment, difficulty, perplexity, dilemma, straits
verlieren lose, forfeit, let slip, fall off, decline
verlieren (sich) get lost, lose oneself, lose one's way, go astray, disperse
verloren lost, forlorn
verloren (verlorene Arbeit) wasted labor
Verlust (der) loss, damage, privation
Vermehrung (die) increase, augmentation, multiplication, propagation, reproduction
vermeiden avoid, shun, evade, elude, escape from
vermeint imagined, supposed, presumed
vermeintlich supposed, presumed, alleged, presumptive, would-be
vermengen mingle, mix, blend, mix up, confuse
vermengt confused, mixed up
Vermengung (die) confusion, mixture, medley
Vermessenheit (die) boldness, daring, audacity, overconfidence, presumptuousness
vermischt mixed, blended, adulterated
vermittelst by means of, with the help of, through
Vermittelung (die) mediation
vermögen be able to do, capable of doing, have the power to do, have the capacity to do
Vermögen (das) faculty, capacity, ability, power
vermögend able to do, capable to do, power to do
vermuthen suppose, surmise, presume, imagine, conjecture
vermuthlich presumable, probable, likely
vernachlässigen neglect
Vernunft (die) reason, intellect, intelligence
Vernunftbegriff (der) concept of reason, rational concept
vernünfteln reason speciously, quibble, rationalize
Vernunfterkenntnis (die) = Vernunfterkenntniß (die) rational cognition, rational knowledge
Vernunftgebrauch (der) use of reason, usage of reason, employment of reason
Vernunftgesetze (die) rational laws
Vernunftgründen (die) reason-grounds, grounds based on reason, grounds arising from reason
vernünftig rational
vernunftlos reasonless, without reason, nonrational, unreasoning, irrational
Vernunftvermögen (das) rational faculty, rational capacity, power of reason
verpflichten obligate, bind, put under obligation
verschaffen get, obtain, secure, procure, supply
verschieden different, various, diverse
Verschiedenheit (die) difference, diversity, disparity, variation, variety
verschiedne different
verschlagen cunning, crafty, sly
versehen provide, furnish, equip, supply, endow
versehen (sich) equip, supply, furnish oneself with
versetzen transfer, remove, transplant, move up, promote
versetzen (sich) change its place, shift
versetzen (versetzen Sie sich an meine Stelle) imagine yourself in my position
versichern insure, assure, certify, make sure of, guarantee
versichern (sich) make sure of, assure oneself of, ascertain
versinnlichen make sensible, render tangible, render perceptible to the senses, materialize
verspätet late, behind time, belated, delayed, overdue
versprechen promise
Versprechen (das) promising, promise
Versprechung (die) promise, promissory note
Verstand (der) understanding, mind, intellect, common sense, wits
Verstandeswelt (die) world of understanding
verstatten allow, permit, grant
verstecken hide, conceal, secrete
verstehen understand, comprehend, grasp
verstümmeln maim, mutilate
Versuch (der) attempt, trial, endeavor, test, experiment
versuchen attempt, try, test, put to the test, experiment on
Versuchtest (die) those most tested, those who have experimented most, those who have tried most
Versuchung (die) temptation
Vertheidigung (die) = Verteidigung (die) defence, vindication, justification, advocacy
vertheilen = verteilen divide, distribute, disperse, disseminate, spread
vertheilen (sich) = verteilen (sich) spread, disperse
Vertheilung (die) = Verteilung (die) distribution, dispersion, diffusion, division, apportionment
vertilgen destroy, annihilate, extirpate, exterminate, eradicate
vertragen bear, stand, tolerate, suffer, endure
vertragen (sich) be compatible, be consistent, get on well together, agree, harmonize
Verträglichkeit (die) compatibility, sociability, good nature, easy temper, peaceable disposition
vertrösten console, give hope to, put off
verurtheilen condemn, sentence, convict
vervielfältigen copy, reproduce, duplicate, multiplies
Verwahrlosung (die) neglect, injury caused by neglect, degeneration, demoralization
verwandeln change, convert, transform, transmute
verwenden use, make use of, employ, utilize, spend
verwerfen reject, repudiate, throw away, discard
verwerflich objectionable, reprehensible, thoroughly bad, to be rejected, to be repudiated
verwickeln entangle, implicate, involve
verwickeln (sich) get entangled in, be involved in, be implicated in
verwirren confuse, bewilder, perplex
verworfen rejected, cast off, abandoned
verwundern wonder, surprise, astonish
verwundern (es ist nicht zu verwundern) it is not to be wondered at
Verzicht (auf eine Sache Verzicht leisten) renounce a thing
Verzicht (der) renunciation, resignation
viel much, a great deal, a lot
vielerlei various, diverse, multifarious, many kinds of, different
Vielheit (die) plurality, multiplicity, multitude, large number, large quanitity
vielleicht perhaps, possibly, maybe
vielmehr rather, much more, on the contrary, instead
vis be willing, wish
Volksbegriff (der) folk concept, popular concept, popular thought
voll full, whole, entire, complete, rounded
vollendet finished, accomplished, achieved, consummate, perfect
völlig full, total, entire, complete, undiminished
vollkommen perfect, consummate, full, complete, entire
Vollkommenheit (die) perfection, completeness
vollständig complete, entire, total, whole, integral
Vollständigkeit (die) completeness, entirety, totality
Vollziehung (die) accomplishment, execution, performance, fulfillmentl, discharge
vom = von dem from the, by the
von of, from, by, in, on
vor before, previous, prior to, in front of, ahead of
vorangehen go before, precede, take the lead, go at the head of, lead the way
voranschicken send on ahead, send on before, put at the head of, preface, premise
Vorarbeitung (die) preliminary work, preparatory study, preparation
voraus in advance, forward, before, in front, on ahead
voraushaben (etwas vor einem voraushaben) have an advantage over someone in something
voraussehen anticipate, foresee
voraussetzen presuppose, assume, suppose, surmise, presume
Voraussetzung (die) presupposition, supposition, assumption, postulate, hypothesis
vorbehalten reserve, hold in reserve, keep in reserve, withhold
vorbeigehen go by, pass by, go past, pass
Vorbereitung (die) preparation, preparatory training
Vorfall (der) occurrence, event, incident
vorgeben assert, avow, profess, advance, allege
Vorgeben (das) pretense, supposition
vorgeblich pretended, supposed, ostensible, would-be, so-called
vorgelegt submitted, proposed, foregoing
vorgesetzt proposed, intended
vorhaben have in mind, have in view, propose, intend, design
vorher beforehand, in advance, in front, before, previously
vorhergehen precede
vorig former, preceding, previous, last
vorkommen seem, appear, present itself
vorläufig provisionally, for the present, for the time being, in the meantime
vorlegen put before, lay before, display, show, exhibit
Vormundschaft (die) guardianship, trusteeship, tutelage
vormundschaftlich tutelary
vornehm of high rank, aristocratic, distinguished, elegant, eminent
vornehmlich particularly, especially, principally, mainly, chiefly
Vorrede (die) introduction, preface, preamble, prologue
Vorsatz (der) intention, design, purpose, project, plan
Vorschein (der) appearance
Vorschein (zum Vorschein bringen) produce
vorschreiben prescribe, command, order, direct
Vorschrift (die) prescription, precept
vorsetzen set before, place before, put before
vorsetzen (sich einen Zweck vorsetzen) propose to do, aim at, determine to do, intend to do, resolve to do
vorsetzlich intentionally, deliberately, purposely, designedly
Vorsorge (die) foresight, care, attention, precaution, provision
Vorspiegelung (die) pretense, show, illusion, delusion, sham
vorstellen place before, put in front of, put forward, advance, present
vorstellen (dative sich) conceive, imagine, fancy, suppose
vorstellen (sich) introduce oneself, make oneself known, go forward, go to the front
Vorstellung (die) representation, presentation
Vorstellungsart (die) way of representation
Vortheil (der) = Vorteil (der) advantage, benefit, interest, profit, emolument
vortheilhaft = vorteilhaft advantageous, favorable, profitable, lucrative, remunerative
vortragen explain, expound, set forth, report on, propose
vortrefflich excellent, fine, splendid, capital, admirable
Vorwelt (die) former ages, antiquity, primitive world, prehistoric world, prehistoric times
vorwerfen cast before, throw to
vorwerfen (einem etwas verwerfen) reproach a person with something
Vorwurf (der) reproach, rebuke, blame, remonstrance
vorzeichnen prescribe, point out, mark, indicate, trace out
vorziehen prefer, give preference to
Vorzug (der) preference, prerogative, privilege, superiority, excellence
vorzüglich pre-eminent, chief, principal, superior, excellent
Vorzüglichkeit (die) preeminence, superiority, excellence
w. (u. s. w. = und so weiter) and so on
wagen dare, venture, risk, hazard, presume
wägen weigh, ponder, consider
Wahl (die) choice, selection, option
wählen choose, select, pick out
Wahn (der) illusion, hallucination, delusion, error, erroneous impression
wahr true, real, genuine, sincere, correct
wahrhaftig true, actual, genuine, real, truthful
Wahrheit (die) truth, reality, fact
wahrlich truly, surely, verily, indeed
wahrnehmen notice, observe, perceive
Wahrnehmung (die) perception, observation
Warnung (die) warning, caution, admonition
Warnung (laßt euch das zur Warnung dienen) let this be a warning to you
was what, whatever, that which, something, anything
Wechsel (der) change, alteration, succession, turn, alternation
Wechselbegriffe (die) reciprocal concepts
weder neither
weg away, gone, lost, far off, off
Weg (der) way, road, path, course, direction
wegen because of, on account of, on behalf of, in consequence of, owing to
Wegescheidung (die) parting of the ways, crossroads
wegfallen fall away, fall off, come to nothing, cease
wegnehmen take away, remove, take out, carry off, seize
wegsetzen lay aside, jump
wegvernünfteln argue away, rationalize away
wegwenden turn away, turn off, turn aside, avert
weichen yield, give in, give way, give ground, fall back
weil because, since
weise wise
Weise (auf keine Weise) by no means, not at all
Weise (die) manner, way, method, style, fashion
weisen direct, point, show, indicate
Weisheit (die) wisdom, knowledge, prudence
weit far, distant, remote, wide, broad
weiter farther, further
weiterkommen get on, progress, advance
weitläuftig lengthy, detailed, extensive, long-winded, prolix
weitläuftigen vast, widespread, extensive
welch what, which, who, whom, that
Welt (die) world, earth, people, society, humanity
Welt (nichts in der Welt) nothing on earth
Weltbeschauer (der) observer of the world, spectator of the world
Weltbesten (das) highest good of the world
Weltklugheit (die) world prudence, worldly wisdom, knowledge of the world
Weltlauf (der) course of the world
Weltregierung (die) world government, world administration, world direction, world management
Weltweisheit (die) philosophy, worldly wisdom
wem whom
wenig little, not much, slightly, few
wenig (so wenig) so far from
wenigstens at least, at all events
wenn when, whenever, if, in case, provided
wenn (wenn auch) although, even if
wenn (wenn nicht) if not, unless, except when, except if, but that
wenngleich though, although, even if
wer who, which, that, somebody, some one
werden become, come to be, grow, get, turn out
Werk (das) work, labor, action, act, deed
Werkzeug (das) tool, instrument, implement, organ
Werth (der) worth, use, value
Wesen (das) being, creature, living thing, organism, essence
wesentlich essential, principal, fundamental, intrinsic, vital
wichtig important, significant, weighty, momentous, serious
Wichtigkeit (die) weight, weightiness, importance, significance, moment
wider against, contrary to, in opposition to, versus
widerfahren happen, occur, befall
Widerlegung (die) refutation
widersprechen contradict, be at variance with, conflict with, gainsay, oppose
Widerspruch (der) contradiction, opposition, disagreement, conflict
Widerspruch (im Widerspruch stehen mit) incompatible with, stand in contradiction with
Widerstand (der) opposition, resistance
widerstehen oppose, resist, withstand, be repugnant to, go against the grain
Widerstreit (der) conflict, opposition
widerstreiten conflict with, clash with, be antagonistic with, be contrary to, militate against
Widerwärtigkeit (die) adversity, accident, calamity, disappointment
widrigenfalls failing which, in default whereof, otherwise, if not
wie how, as, just as, such as, like
wie (und wie sie alle heißen mögen) and whatever their names may be
wiederum again, anew, afresh, on the other hand, on the contrary
wiewohl although, albeit
Wille (der) will, volition, determination, design, purpose
willfahren accede to, comply with, concede, gratify, grant
Willkühr (die) = Willkür (die) free will, option, choice, discretion, volition
willkürlich arbitrary, optional, voluntary
wirkend acting, active, causative, operating, efficacious
wirklich actual, real, true, substantial, genuine
Wirklichkeit (die) reality, actuality, actual fact, truth
wirksam effective, efficacious, active, working, operative
Wirkung (die) working, operation, action, reaction, force
Wirkungsgesetzen (die) laws of operation, effective laws
wissen know, have knowledge of, be informed of
Wissen (das) knowledge, knowing, learning, scholarship, erudition
Wissenschaft (die) science, learning, scholarship, knowledge
Witz (der) wit, wittiness
wo where, in which
wo (wo auch immer) wherever
wo (wo nicht ..., so doch ...) if not ..., then certainly ...
woanders somewhere or other, elsewhere
wobei whereby, whereat, near, at which, during which
wodurch whereby, by which, through which, by means of which
wofern in so far as, if, in case, provided that
woher from where, from which, from what place, how
wohl = wol well, indeed, really, to be sure, no doubt
Wohlbefinden (das) well-being, welfare, good health
Wohlergehen (das) prosperity, well-being, welfare, health and happiness
Wohlfahrt (die) welfare, weal
Wohlgefallen (das) satisfaction, delight, pleasure, approval, liking
Wohlsein (das) good health, well-being
Wohlthat (die) = Wohltat (die) benefit, kindness, benefaction, charity, good deed
wohlthätig beneficent, salutary, charitable
wohlthun benefit
Wohlverhalten (das) good conduct
Wohlwollen (das) benevolence, goodwill, kindness
Wolke (die) cloud
wollen will, be willing, wish, want, desire
Wollen (das) willing, volition, intention, will
wollte willed, wanted, desired, wished
woran whereon, whereat, on which, of which, against which
worauf whereupon, upon, at which, to which
woraus whence, by, out of which, from which, from what
worden past participle of 'werden' in compound tenses
worin wherein, in which, in what
wornach whereafter, whereupon, after, towards, according to which
Wort (das) word, vocable, term, expression, saying
Wort (mit anderen Worten) in other words
Wort (mit einem Worte) in a word
Wortgebrauch (der) word-use, usage, use of a word
worüber whereat, whereof, of which, about which, over which
wovon whereof, of, about, concerning which
wozu whereto, to what purpose, to which
Wunder (das) marvel, wonder, miracle, surprise, astonishment
Wunsch (der) wish, desire
wünschen wish, desire
wünschen (sich) long for, wish for
wünschenswerth desirable, worthy of desiring, worthy to be wished, to be wished for
Würde (die) dignity, majesty, propriety
würdig worthy, deserving, estimable, respectable, dignified
Würdigkeit (die) worthiness, merit, worth
z. (z. B. = zum Beyspiel) = z. (z. B. = zum Beispiel) e.g. = for example, for instance
z. (z. E. = zum Exempel) e.g. = for example
zählen count, reckon, number, compute
zählen (zählen zu) belong to, be classed with, be among
zeigen show, exhibit, display, appear, become evident
zeigen (es zeigt sich, daß) it appears that, we see that
zeigen (sich) appear, be found, make one's appearance, emerge, become evident
Zeit (auf einige Zeit) for a short time, for a certain time, for a while
Zeit (die) time, epoch, period, age, season
Zergliederung (die) analysis, dissection
zernichten destroy
zerstören destroy, demolish, ruin, devastate, ravage
ziehen draw, pull, extricate, drag, train
ziehen (an sich ziehen) attract, draw to oneself
ziehen (sich) move, draw toward, attract, stretch, extend
ziehen (sich etwas auf den Hals ziehen) bring something down on one's head
zieren adorn, grace, be an ornament to, decorate, embellish
Zögling (der) pupil, ward
zu to, towards, up to, unto, in addition to
zubereiten prepare, get ready
zuerst at first, initially, first, firstly, in the first place
zufällig contingent, accidental, fortuitous, chance, random
Zuflucht (die) refuge, shelter, recourse
zufolge in consequence of, by virtue of, in virtue of, owing to, according to
zufrieden content, pleased, satisfied
Zufriedenheit (die) contentment, satisfaction
Zug (der) character trait, feature of character
zugehen come to pass, take place, happen
zugehören belong to, appertain to
zugestanden granted, admitted, conceded, accepted
zugleich at the same time, together, along with, also, as well
zugunsten for the benefit of, in favor of
Zuhörer (der) listener, audience, member of the audience, hearer
zukommen belong to, be due to, befit, arrive, come to hand
Zulänglichkeit (die) adequacy, sufficiency
zuletzt finally, at last, ultimately, eventually, after all
zum (zum Gesetze werden) become law, pass into law
zum = zu dem to the, toward the
Zumuthung (die) = Zumutung (die) unreasonable demand, unreasonable expectation, imputation
zunehmen increase, augment, grow larger, rise, swell
zur = zu der to the, toward the
zurechnen include with, class with, ascribe, attribute to, impute
zureichen suffice, be sufficient, be enough, reach, pass to
zurück back, backwards, behind
zurückführen trace back, lead back, reduce to, attribute to
zurückhalten hold back, keep back, retain, detain, delay
zurückhalten (sich) restrain oneself, hold back, keep a rein on oneself
Zurückhaltung (die) reserve, caution, discretion, modesty, propriety
zurücksehen look back, reflect on, review, look behind
Zurücksetzung (die) slight, snub, disregard, neglect
Zurüstung (die) fitting out, equipment, preparation
zusammen together, jointly, in all, all together, all told
zusammenfassen embrace, include, combine, comprise, comprehend
zusammenflicken patch up
zusammengestoppeln patch up, piece together
zusammenhängen adhere, cohere, be connected, hang together
zusammenhängend hanging together, connected, continuous, coherent, cohesive
zusammenkommen come together, assemble, meet
zusammensetzen put together, piece together, make up, compound, combine
zusammenstimmen agree, accord, harmonize, suit, be congruous
Zusammenstimmung (die) harmony, conformity
Zusatz (der) addition, adjunct, admixture, appendix, postscript
Zuschauer (der) spectator, onlooker, bystander, witness
zuschreiben ascribe, attribute
zusetzen add to, contribute, replenish, alloy, mix up with
Zustand (der) condition, state, situation, position
Zustände (die) conditions, states, situations, positions
zustatten (einem zustatten kommen) come in handy to someone, prove useful to someone, gain
Zuthat (die) = Zutat (die) addition, contribution
zutheilen assign, allot, allocate, distribute, apportion to
Zuträglichkeit (die) usefulness, advantageousness, wholesomeness, salubrity
Zutrauen (das) trust, confidence, reliance
zuvor before, previously, beforehand, first, formerly
Zuwachs (der) growth, increase, expansion, increment, augmentation
zuwider against, contrary to, opposed to
zuziehen draw together, draw tight, tighten, tie, admit
zuziehen (sich einen Tadel zuziehen) incur blame, expose oneself to criticism
zuziehen (sich einen Verdacht zuziehen) bring suspicion on oneself, lay oneself open to suspicion
Zwang (der) force, coercion, compulsion, constraint, control
zwar indeed, certainly, of course, to be sure, undoubtedly
Zweck (der) end, aim, object, objective, purpose
zwecklos purposeless, unpurposive, aimless
zweckmässig = zweckmäßig purposive, appropriate, expedient, practical, useful
zwecks for the purpose of
Zwecksvorzug (der) preference of end, precedence of end, priority of end, prerogative as end, supremacy as end
Zweifel (der) doubt, uncertainty, hesitation, misgiving, suspicion
zweifelhaft doubtful, uncertain, dubious, questionable, suspicious
zweifeln doubt, question, be distrustful, be in doubt about, waver
zweitens secondly, in the second place
Zwekken (die) ends, purposes
Zweydeutigkeit (die) = Zweideutigkeit (die) ambiguity, suggestiveness, unseemliness, impropriety
zwiefach twofold, double
zwischen between, among, amongst