Abbruch (der) breaking off, pulling down, damage, injury Abfall (der) descent, falling away abgedrungen wrung from, forced away, extorted from abgesondert separated, separate, distinct Abhängigkeit (die) dependence, slope, declivity abkürzen shorten, abridge, abbreviate, lessen ableiten derive, deduce Ableitung (die) derivation Abneigung (die) turning aside, disinclination, aversion, antipathy Abrede (die) denial, agreement Abscheu (der) abhorrence, loathing Abschnitt (der) cut, segment, section, intercept Absicht (die) purpose, intention, design, end Absonderung (die) separation, detachment, exemption, isolation Abstammung (die) ancestry, parentage, origin, source Abstechung (die) contrast Abtheilung (die) separation, partition, division, section Abtreibung (die) repeling, refutation abtrünnig faithless, recreant, disloyal, rebellious Acht (die) attention, care, heed, consideration Achtung (die) esteem, respect, regard, reverence achtungswürdig worthy of respect, estimable Aechtheit (die) genuineness, authenticity Aeußerung expression, utterance, remark, saying Affect (der) emotion, emotional disturbance, emotional state Affectionspreiß (der) affective price, fancy price Afficirung (die) the affecting, affection allgemein universal, general Allgemeingültigkeit (die) universal validity, general validity Allgemeinheit (die) universality, general public Allheit (die) allness, all-comprehensiveness, completeness, sum of all Allwissenheit (die) omniscience also so, thus, therefore, consequently Alten (die) ancients Alter (das) age, antiquity, epoch Amt (das) office, official position, post anbauen till, cultivate, add to by building Anblick (der) view, sight, look, aspect anerkennen recognize, acknowledge, admit, appreciate Anfang (der) beginning, start, outset anführen lead on, bring up, conduct, lead Angemessenheit (die) suitability, fitness, propriety angenehm pleasant, agreeable Angenehm (das) pleasant, agreeable angenommen assumed, supposed, accepted, adopted Angriff (der) attack, assault, invasion, charge Anlage (die) predisposition, talent, ability, natural tendency Anlaß (der) occasion, cause, motive, inducement Anlockung (die) enticement anmaßen (sich) presume, claim, pretend to, arrogate Anmaßung (die) presumption, pretense, pretension, arrogance Annehmlichkeit (die) pleasantness, agreeableness, charm, amenity Anordnung (die) order, arrangement, grouping, regulation Anrathung (die) recommendation, counsel Anreiz (der) incitement, impulse, stimulus, motive anschauen intuit, look at, contemplate anschaulich intuitive, clear, plain, evident Anschauung (die) intuition Anschlag (der) calculation, computation, estimate, valuation Ansehen (das) appearance, aspect, exterior, esteem Anspruch (der) claim, title, demand, pretension Antheil (der) share, portion, part antreffen find, meet with, come across, hit upon Antrieb (der) impulse, stimulus, inducement, drive Antwort (die) answer, reply Anweisung (die) order, instruction, direction, assignment Anwendung (die) application, employment, use Arbeit (die) work, labor, toil, task Art (die) kind, species, type, variety Arzney (die) medicine, drug, physic Arzt (der) doctor, physician, medic aufbehalten preserve, keep aufbieten summon, cite, call up, proclaim auferlegen impose, inflict, enjoin Aufgabe (die) problem, task, lesson, exercise Auflösung (die) solution, analysis, elucidation, resolution Aufmerksamkeit (die) attentiveness, attention, alertness, watchfulness Aufmunterung (die) encouragement Aufopferung (die) sacrifice, sacrificing Aufschub (der) postponement, deferment, delay, suspension Aufsuchung (die) search, seeking out Auge (das) eye Augenblick (der) moment, instant ausdenken think out, contrive, invent, conceive Ausdruck (der) expression, phrase, saying ausfallen drop out, be deducted, turn out, result ausfinden discover, find out, seek out Ausflucht (die) excuse, evasion, shift, subterfuge Ausführlichkeit (die) fullness of detail, completeness, copiousness, precision Ausgang (der) result, outcome, upshot, termination Auskunft (die) information, intelligence, particulars, recourse ausmachen make up, constitute, amount to, come to Ausnahme (die) exception ausrichten accomplish, fulfill, execute Ausrichterin (die) she who carries out, fulfills, executes Ausschweifung (die) excess, intemperance, debauch äußerst extreme, utmost, uttermost, outermost Ausstattung (die) endowment, provision, outfit, equipment Austheilung (die) distribution, apportionment Ausübung (die) practice, exercise, execution, fulfillment Bahn (die) path, pathway, track, road Beantwortung (die) answer, reply, answering Bearbeitung (die) working, machining, processing, treatment Bedacht (der) consideration, deliberation, reflection, forethought Bedarf (der) need, want, requirement Bedauren (das) sorrow, regret, pity, sympathy bedenken consider, think over, ponder over, reflect on Bedeutung (die) meaning, importance, significance, sense Beding (der/das) condition, stipulation, proviso, terms bedingt conditional, qualified, limited, hypothetical Bedingung (die) condition, stipulation, proviso, terms Bedürfnis (das) need, want, lack, necessity befolgen obey, comply with, follow, observe Befolgung (die) following, observance of, adherence to, obedience to beförderlich favorable, conducive, helpful befördern further, promote, advance, assist Beförderung (die) furtherance, advancement, promotion befreien free, set free, liberate, rescue Befremdlich (das) odd, strange, surprising befriedigen satisfy, gratify, content, please Befriedigung (die) satisfaction, gratification Befugnis (die) authorization, authority, right, warrant begabt endowed, clever, gifted, talented Begehren (das) desire, demand, request Begehrungsvermögen (das) faculty of desire, power of appetition Begierde (die) eager desire, lust, inordinate longing begreifen understand, comprehend, conceive, grasp begrenzen border, bound, limit, circumscribe Begriff (der) concept, idea, notion begünstigen favor, patronize, promote behandeln handle, treat, deal with, manage Behandlungsweise (die) mode of treatment, method of treatment, usage, manner of dealing with Beharrlichkeit (die) perseverance, persistence, steadfastness, determination behaupten assert, maintain, affirm, keep Behauptung (die) assertion, statement, proposition, contention Behuf (der) purpose, object, behalf, benefit Belehrung (die) instruction, information, advice, correction Belieben (das) choice, discretion, option beliebig optional, as is agreeable, to your liking, at your pleasure Bemerkung (die) remark Bemühung (die) effort, trouble, pains, exertion Benennung (die) naming, designation, nomenclature, appellation berechtigen justify, entitle, authorize, warrant berichtigen correct, set right, rectify, amend Beruf (der) profession, calling, vocation, occupation beschaffen provide, procure, supply, constituted Beschaffenheit (die) quality, property, characteristic, disposition beschäftigen (sich) occupy oneself, be busy with Beschämung (die) disgrace, shame, confusion Bescheid (der) information, instruction, direction, knowledge Besitz (der) possession, estate, property besitzen possess, be in possession of, own, be endowed with Besorgnis (die) apprehension, anxiety, alarm, fear bestätigen confirm, corroborate, establish, verify Bestätigung (die) confirmation, corroboration, verification, ratification bestehen (nebeneinander|zusammen bestehen können) be consistent, be compatible bestimmen decide, determine, ascertain, settle bestimmt determined, decided, fixed, destined Bestimmung (die) determination, destination, destiny, vocation Bestimmungsgrund (der) ground of determination Bestimmungsregeln (die) rules of determination Bestrebung (die) effort, attempt, endeavor, aspiration Betracht (der) respect, regard, consideration, account betrachten consider, regard, view, look at Betrachtung (die) view, opinion, way of thinking, meditation Betreff (der) regard, reference betrüglich fraudulent, false, deceptive, illusory beurtheilen judge, form an opinion of, estimate, value Beurtheilung (die) judgment, valuation, estimation, appraisal Beurtheilungskraft (die) power of judgment Beurtheilungsvermögen (das) faculty of judgment bewahren keep, preserve Bewegung (die) movement, motion, commotion, agitation Bewegungsgrund (der) ground of movement, motive, reason for acting, inducement Bewegursache (die) motive, motivational cause, cause of movement, cause of motion Beweis (der) proof, evidence, argument, demonstration Bewunderung (die) admiration bewußt known, conscious of, aware, cognizant of Bewustseyn (das) consciousness, knowledge, conviction Beylegung (die) settlement, adjustment, addition, attribution Beymischung (die) admixture, impurity Beyspiel (das) example, illustration, instance Beystand (der) help, aid, support, assistance Beytrag (der) contribution, share Beziehung (die) reference, relation, connection, respect bleiben stay, remain, continue, abide Blendwerk (das) delusion, optical illusion, deception, mirage blicken look, glance, shine blos mere, sole, only, bare Blut (das) blood Boden (der) ground, soil, floor, base böse bad, ill, evil, wicked Bösewicht (der) scoundrel, villain, rogue, scamp Brief (der) letter, document Brüche (die) fractions, breaches, breaks, breakages Calcul (der) calculation, assessment, estimate Credit (der) credit, reputation, trust darstellen present, exhibit, set forth Dasein (das) existence, presence Dauerhaftigkeit (die) permanence, durability denken think, reflect Denken (das) thinking Denkungsart (die) way of thinking, turn of mind, disposition Deutlichkeit (die) distinctness, clearness Dienst (der) service Ding (das) thing, object, matter drehen turn, twist, rotate, twirl drücken press, push, squeeze, pinch dunkel dark, obscure, dim, dusky Dunkelheit (die) darkness, obscurity Durchschnitt (der) cut, section, cross-section, profile durchsetzen accomplish, carry through, put through, succeed with dürfen be permitted, have permission, have authority, be allowed edel noble, high-born, well-born, high-minded Ehrbegierde (die) ambition, eager desire for glory Ehre (die) honor, credit, praise, glory ehrenwerth respectable, honorable ehrlich honest, honorable, reliable, open Ehrlichkeit (die) honesty Eifer (der) eagerness, zeal, ardour, fervour Eigendünkel (der) self-conceit Eigenheit (die) peculiarity, oddity, idiosyncrasy, quirk Eigennutz (der) self-interest Eigenschaft (die) quality, property, attribute, characteristic Eigenthum (das) property, belongings Einbildung (die) imagination, conceit, fancy, presumption Einbildungskraft (die) imagination, power of imagination Eindruck (der) impression, mark, stamp einfallen occur to one's mind Einfalt (die) simplicity, innocence Einfassung (die) setting, enclosing, trimming, edging Einfluß (der) influence einflüstern whisper to, insinuate Eingang (der) entry, entrance, access, admittance eingepflanzt implanted eingestehen confess, admit, own up, grant Einheit (die) unity, oneness, union einleuchten be clear, be intelligible, be evident einnehmen take in, gather in, collect, take einpfropfen engraft, implant, stuff in, cram in einräumen concede, allow, admit, grant einrichten set right, arrange, prepare, order Einrichtung (die) arrangement, constitution, adjustment, tendency einschränken limit, bound, circumscribe, narrow Einschränkung (die) limitation, restriction, curtailment einsehen look into, see into, look over, examine Einsicht (die) insight, discernment einstimmen agree, consent, harmonize, accord einstimmig consistently, unanimous, of one part, for one voice Einstimmung (die) agreement, harmonization Eintheilung (die) division, arrangement, classification, distribution Einwohner (der) inhabitant, resident Einwurf (der) objection einziehen draw in, pull in, get in, take in eitel frivolous, empty, idle, futile Eitelkeit (die) vanity, conceit ekelhaft loathsome, disgusting, nauseous, offensive Elend (das) misery, distress, misfortune Eltern (die) parents empfangenes received Empfänglichkeit (die) susceptibility, impressionability, receptiveness empfehlen commend, recommend Empfehlung (die) recommendation empfinden feel, perceive, be sensible of, experience Empfindung (die) sensation, perception, feeling, sentiment eng narrow, close, tight, strict Enge (die) narrowness, tightness, constriction, narrow place entdecken discover, detect, find out entfliehen escape from entgegen towards, against, in face of, opposed to entgehen get away from, escape, elude, avoid entscheiden decide, determine, resolve, decree Entscheidung (die) decision, sentence, judgment Entschlossenheit (die) decision, determination, resolution, fixity of purpose entspringen spring up, arise, originate in entwickeln unroll, unfold, untwist, unwrap Entwickelung (die) development, evolution, unfolding Entwurf (der) plan, design, model, scheme entziehen take away, remove, deprive of, withdraw Erbittung (die) begging for, request, prevailing upon, entreaty Erde (die) earth, ground, soil erdenklich imaginable, conceivable Erfahrung (die) experience Erfahrungsbegriff (der) concept of experience, concept based on experience, concept derived from experience, experiential concept Erfindung (die) invention, discovery Erfolg (der) sucess, result erforderlich required erfordern require, need, necessitate, call for Erfüllung (die) fulfillment, accomplishment, performance, realization ergötzen delight, amuse, please Ergötzlichkeit (die) amusement, indulgence ergründen fathom, probe, investigate, look into Erhabenheit (die) sublimity, nobility, grandeur, eminence Erhaltung (die) maintenance, preservation, conservation, procuring Erhebung (die) elevation, raising, exaltation erinnern remind, call to someone's mind, draw attention to, mention erkennen cognize, take cognizance of, recognize, perceive Erkenntnis (das|die) cognition, knowledge, perception erklären explain, account for, clear up, expound Erklären (das) explanation Erklärung (die) explanation, interpretation, elucidation, explication Erklärungsgrund (der) ground of explanation, basis of explanation Erkundigung (die) inquiry, search erlaubt permitted, permissible, justifiable, excusable erläutern illustrate, explain, elucidate Erläuterung (die) illustration, explanation, elucidation erleichtern ease, lighten, make easy, facilitate Ermangelung (die) lack, want, deficiency Ermüdung (die) weariness, fatigue Erörterung (die) discussion, debate errathen solve, guess, divine erreichen reach, attain, get, obtain Erreichung (die) attainment, achievement, reaching erscheinen appear, seem, be evident Erscheinung (die) appearance erträglichen tolerable erwägen consider, weigh, ponder Erwägung (die) consideration, reflection, contemplation, deliberation erwähnen mention, make mention of, call to notice Erwähnung (die) mention erwarten expect, await, wait for, anticipate Erwartung (die) expectation, anticipation erweislich provable, demonstrable Erweiterung (die) widening, enlargement, extension, amplification erwerben obtain, acquire erzeigen show, manifest, display, render to Etwas (das) something, entity fähig able, capable of, clever, apt Fähigkeit (die) capability, ability, faculty, talent Fall (der) case, instance, event fassen grasp, seize, hold, lay hold of fehlen miss, lack, to be wanting, to be absent Feind (der) enemy, foe Feld (das) field, area festsetzen fix, establish, arrange, stipulate Festsetzung (die) establishment, appointment Fleiß (der) diligence, industry, assiduity Flügel (der) wing Folge (die) consequence, result, effect, conclusion folgen follow, ensue, succeed, be derived Folgerung (die) consequence, result, outcome, inference Forderung (die) demand, claim, requisition, summons Fortgang (der) continuation, progress, advance Fortpflanzung (die) procreation, propagation fortschreiten move forward, step forward, advance, go on Frage (die) question, query, inquiry, problem fragen ask, inquire, interrogate, question fremd strange, foreign, alien, extraneous Freude (die) joy, gladness, delight, pleasure Freyheit (die) freedom, liberty Frist (die) duration, space of time, period, interval Fruchtlosigkeit (die) fruitlessness fühlen feel, perceive, sense Fühlen (das) feeling, perception, sensation führen lead, guide, direct, carry Furcht (die) fear, anxiety, terror, dread Fußsteig (der) footpath, sidewalk Gabe (die) gift, talent, endowment ganz whole, entire, undivided, complete Ganze (das) whole, entirety, totality, total geben give, present, confer, bestow Gebiet (das) area, region, district, territory gebieten command, order, bid, lay down the law gebietend commanding, sovereign Gebot (das) command, order, precept Gebrauch (der) employment, use, usage, custom gebrauchen use, employ, make use of Gebrechlichkeit (die) frailty, feebleness, weakness, infirmity Gedanke (der) thought, idea, conception, notion Gedränge (das) crowd, press, throng, need Geduld (die) patience, forbearance, endurance Gefahr (die) danger, peril, hazard, risk gefährlich dangerous, hazardous, perilous, risky gefallen please Gefühl (das) feeling, sentiment, emotion Gegengewicht (das) counterweight, counterpoise Gegenhaltung (die) comparison, opposition Gegensatz (der) opposition, antithesis, contrast Gegenstand (der) subject, object Gegentheil (das) opposite, contrary, reverse, converse Gehalt (der) contents, ingredients, content, capacity Gehör (das) hearing gehorchen obey gehören belong to, be owned by, be part of, appertain to Geist (der) spirit, mind, intellect gelangen reach, arrive, arrive at, attain Geld (das) coin, money, cash gelten be valid, hold good, be considered as, be current Gemächlichkeit (die) convenience, comfort, ease gemäß according to, conformably to, in conformity with, suitable Gemäßheit (die) conformity gemein common, general, ordinary, low Gemeingültigkeit (die) generality, vulgarity, coarseness Gemisch (das) mixture, composition, alloy, medley Gemüth (das) mind, soul, heart, disposition Gemüthskräfte (die) powers of mind, mental powers Genuß (der) enjoyment Gerichtshof (der) court of justice, law courts, tribunal geringeres (das) lesser Geschäft (das) business, commerce, trade, transaction geschehen take place, happen, come to pass, occur Geschichte (die) history, story Geschicklichkeit (die) skill Geschlecht (das) kind, species, race, family Geschmack (der) taste, flavor, relish, fancy Geschöpf (das) creature, production, creation Geschwätz (das) idle talk, babble, tittle-tattle, gossiping Gesetz (das) law, statute, commandment, decree gesetzgebend lawgiving, legislating Gesetzgeber (der) lawgiver Gesetzgebung (die) lawgiving, legislating, enactment gesetzmäßig lawful, legitimate, legal, according to laws Gesetzmäßigkeit (die) conformity to law gesetzt fixed, set, placed, established gesetzwidrig contrary to law, unlawful, illegal Gesichtspunct (der) point of view, standpoint Gesinnung (die) disposition, sentiment, conviction, mind Gestalt (die) form, shape, figure, build Geständnis (das) admission, acknowledgement, confession, avowal Gesundheit (die) health Gewalt (die) power, authority, dominion, might Gewerbe (das) trade, business, industry, profession Gewissen (das) conscience Gewißheit (die) certainty, assurance, proof, certitude Gewohnheit (die) habit, custom, usage, fashion Giftmischer (der) poisoner Glauben (der) faith, confidence, trust, belief Glied (das) member Glück (das) happiness, good fortune, prosperity Glückseligkeit (die) happiness. bliss, rapture Glücksgaben (die) gifts of fortune Gnugthuung (die) satisfaction Gottesfurcht (die) fear of God, piety Gram (der) sorrow, misery, grief, affliction Grenze (die) boundary, border, limit, edge Grübler (der) over-subtle reasoner, melancholy brooder, one lost in futile speculation, speculator Grund (der) ground, first principle, reason, basis gründen establish, found, ground, base Grundlage (die) foundation, base, basis, rudiments grundlegend fundamental Grundlegung (die) laying the foundation, groundlaying Grundsatz (der) ground proposition, basic principle, rule of conduct, axiom Gründung (die) foundation, establishment, founding Gültigkeit (die) validity Gunst (die) favor, goodwill, kindness, affection Gute (das) goodness, good quality Güte (die) kindness, goodness, excellence, purity haben have, possess, hold, bear Hals (der) neck, throat halten (halten für) look upon, consider, think, take to be Halter (der) holder, keeper, owner handeln act Handeln (das) acting, action Handlung (die) action, deed, performance, act Handwerk (das) handicraft, trade, guild Hang (der) propensity, bias, bent, disposition Haß (der) hate, hatred, enmity Hauptfrage (die) main issue, main question, key question, central question Hauptzug (der) leading feature, principal feature, main feature, main direction heben lift, raise, elevate, heave Heiligkeit (die) holiness, godliness, sanctity, sacredness heißen to be called, to be named, mean, signify Herablassung (die) condescension, descent, courtesy, affability Herrschbegierde (die) dominion Herz (das) heart Himmel (der) heaven, heavens, sky, firmament Hindernis (das) hindrance, obstacle, impediment, bar hineinempfinden therein feel hineinschauen therein intuit hinlänglich sufficient, adequate hinreichend sufficient, adequate, enough Hintansetzung (die) disregard, neglecting, slighting Hirngespinst (das) fancy, whim, chimera, bogey hochachtungswürdig worthy of esteem, deserving of highest respect, deserving of greatest regard Hochpreisung (die) eulogy hochschätzen highly esteem Hochschätzung (die) high esteem Hoffnung (die) hope, expectation hoffnungslos hopeless Hoffnungslosigkeit (die) hopelessness, despair Höflichkeit (die) politeness, courtesy, civility immer always, every, every time, perpetually Inbegriff (der) contents, embodiment, essence, tenor Inhalt (der) content, contents, subject, purport innewerden become aware of, become conscious of, realize Jugend (die) youth, adolescence, young people, early period Juwel (das|der) jewel, gem, precious stone kaufen buy, purchase Käufer (der) purchaser, buyer Kaufmann (der) merchant, tradesman, shopkeeper kennen know, be acquainted with, have cognizance of Kenner (der) connoisseur, judge, expert, specialist Kenntniß (die) knowledge, acquaintance, information, cognizance Kind (das) child, offspring Klage (die) complaint, grievance, accusation klug prudent, wise Klugheit (die) prudence, good sense, cleverness, sagacity Körper (der) body, bulk, matter, compound Kraft (die) power, force, strength, energy Kräfte (die) powers, forces, strengths, energies Krämer (der) shopkeeper, retailer, tradesman, grocer Kreis (der) circle, ring, sphere, range Kreuzbogen (die) intersecting arcs Kundschaft (die) information, notice, knowledge Kunst (die) art, skill Künste (die) arts, skills Lage (die) situation, position, site, locality lassen let, leave alone, leave Last (die) load, burden, weight, cargo Laster (das) vice, depravity laufen run, go, walk, move Laune (die) mood, humor, temper, frame of mind lauten sound, run, read, purport to be Lauterkeit (die) purity, clearness, uprightness, integrity Lebenswandel (der) conduct of life, mode of life, behavior, habits legen lay, put, place, deposit Lehrbegriff (der) doctrine, system, outline, manual of science Lehre (die) instruction, lesson, precept, teaching lehren teach, instruct, inform, show Lehrer (der) teacher, schoolmaster, instructor, tutor Leichtigkeit (die) ease, facility, agility, readiness Leiden (das) suffering, pain, torment, affliction Leidenschaft (die) passion leisten do, fulfill, carry out, perform leiten lead, guide, conduct, direct Leitfaden (der) guiding thread, clue, guide, manual Leitung (die) leading, guidance, direction, administration Lenkung (die) direction, steering, controlling, governing Leser (der) reader leuchten illuminate, shine, light, give light Licht (das) light, illumination Liebe (die) love, affection, fondness, kindness liegen lie, rest, repose, be recumbent liegendes (das) something lying under, the underlying Lob (der) praise, commendation, eulogy, applause Lohn (der) reward Lossagung (die) renunciation, withdrawal Lüge (die) lie, falsehood, untruth lügen lie, fib, tell a lie, deceive Lust (die) pleasure, joy, delight machen make, do, manufacture, fabricate Macht (die) power, might, strength, authority man one, they, people, we Maß (das) measure, measurement, size, dimension Mäßigung (die) moderation, restraint Maßstab (der) ruler, rule, measure, standard Mehr (das) majority, increase, surplus, excess Meister (der) master, chief, leader, boss Menge (die) multitude, crowd, quantity, number Mensch (der) human being, man, person Menschenvernunft (die) human reason Menschheit (die) humanity, human race, mankind Mißverstandes (das) misunderstanding, misconception, mistake, error Mittel (das) means, way Mitwirkung (die) cooperation, assistance, participation mögen want, wish, like, desire möglich possible, practicable, feasible Möglichkeit (die) possibility Mühe (die) trouble, pains, effort, toil Mühseligkeit (die) hardship, misery, irksomeness Münze (die) coin, coinage, small change Müßiggang (der) idleness Muster (das) model, ideal, paragon, pattern Muth (der) courage, pluck, fortitude, boldness nach after, behind, following, according to Nachahmung (die) imitation, counterfeiting, forgery Nachdenken (das) reflection Nachdruck (der) stress, emphasis, energy, vigor Nachforschung (die) quest, search, investigation, research Nachfrage (die) inquiry, demand, request Nachlässigkeit (die) negligence, carelessness, inaccuracy, remissness Nachsicht (die) indulgence, forbearance, leniency, clemency Nachstellung (die) intrigue, pestering Nachtheil (der) detriment, disadvantage Naturabsicht (die) purpose of nature Naturanlage (die) disposition, temperament, natural constitution, natural aptitudes Naturbeschaffenheit (die) natural constitution, natural character Natureinrichtung (die) natural tendency Naturgabe (die) natural gift, natural talent, natural endowment Naturgesetz (das) law of nature, natural law Naturlehre (die) doctrine of nature, natural philosophy Naturnothwendigkeit (die) necessity of nature, natural necessity, physical necessity Naturreich (der) natural empire, natural kingdom Naturwesen (das) natural being Naturzweck (der) natural end, natural aim nehmen take, seize, appropriate, capture Neid (der) envy, grudge, jealousy Neigung (die) inclination, preference, disposition, tendency nicht not Nichtachtung (die) disregard, disrespect, neglect, contempt Nichts (das) nothingness, emptiness, nothing, void Nichtsein (das) non-existence, nullity Noth (die) need, want, distress, misery nöthig necessary, required Nöthigung (die) necessitation, constraint, compulsion, coercion Nothleidenden (die) sufferers nothwendig necessary, urgent, essential, indispensable Nothwendigkeit (die) necessity, urgency Nutzen (der) profit, gain, use, advantage Obergewalt (die) supreme power, supreme authority, supremacy, sovereignty Oberhaupt (das) sovereign, head, chief, master Ort (der) place, spot, site, point Parteylichkeit (die) bias, partiality Pflicht (die) duty, obligation pflichtmäßig in conformity with duty, right, dutiful Phantasterey (die) fantasy, fancy, fantasticality Platz (der) seat, post, place, spot Podagrist (der) person suffering from gout Polster (das) cushion, pillow Privatabsicht (die) private purpose Privatklugheit (die) private prudence Prüfung (die) examination, investigation, check, test Punct (der) point, topic, item, matter Quelle (die) source, spring, fountain-head, origin Racheifer (der) zeal for vengefulness, eagerness for vengeance Rathgebung (die) giving counsel, giving advice, counseling, advising Rathschlag (der) counsel, advice, suggestion Raum (der) space, room, place, area rechnen count, calculate, reckon, compute Rechnung (die) account, bill, invoice, reckoning recht right, proper, correct, real Recht (das) right, privilege, claim, title Rechtanspruch (der) rightful claim, just claim, legal claim, lawful title Rechtschaffenheit (die) integrity, honesty, uprightness, thoroughness Rede (die) words, talk, discourse, conversation reden speak, talk, converse, discourse redlich honest, upright, sincere, candid Redlichkeit (die) honesty, loyalty, sincerity Regel (die) rule, standard, regulation, precept Reich (das) kingdom, state, realm, empire Reichthum (der) riches, wealth, opulence, abundance Reihe (die) sequence, series, row, line rein pure, unmixed, undiluted, clean Reine (die) purity, pureness, chastity, cleanness Reinheit (die) purity, pureness, chastity, cleanness Reiz (der) charm, attraction, fascination, allurement richten direct, turn, point, address Richter (der) judge richtig right, accurate, correct, exact Richtigkeit (die) correctness, accuracy, exactness, justness Richtmaaß (das) standard gauge, standard, gauge Richtschnur (die) rule of conduct, rule of thumb, norm Richtung (die) direction, aim, alignment, bearing Rücksicht (die) regard, respect, consideration, notice Ruhe (die) rest, repose, peace, quiet Sache (die) thing, object, subject, matter Satz (der) proposition, tenet, thesis, theme schaffen provide, procure Schande (die) shame, disgrace, dishonor, infamy Scharfsinnigkeit (die) acuteness, ingenuity, clear-sightedness, sagacity schätzen value, appraise, estimate, assess Schätzung (die) estimation, valuation, evaluation, appraisal schauen see, look at, behold, gaze upon Scheideweg (der) crossroads, forked road scheinen shine, seem, appear, look Scheinwiderspruch (das) apparent contradiction, seeming contradiction schicklich appropriate, suitable, fitting Schicklichkeit (die) fitness, propriety Schicksal (das) fate, destiny, fortune, lot Schlag (der) stamp, kind, sort, type Schlauigkeit (die) cunning, astuteness, slyness, subtlety schlechterdings absolutely, utterly, simply, positively schlechthin absolutely, simply, merely, plainly schließen come to a conclusion, infer, conclude, judge Schluß (der) shutting, closing, end, close Schlußanmerkung (die) concluding remark, final observation, closing note Schlüssel (der) key, wench, ratio, code Schmuck (der) adornment, ornament, decoration, jewels Schönheit (die) beauty, fineness schöpfen draw, derive, obtain Schranke (die) boundary, limit Schrift (die) writing, script, text, book Schriftstelle (die) Scriptural passage Schritt (der) step, stride, walk schuldig due, owing, indebted, obliged Schule (die) school, college, academy, school of though Schwang (der) (im Schwange) in motion, in full swing, in vogue Schwierigkeit (die) difficulty, obstacle Seele (die) soul, mind, spirit, heart Seelenlehre (die) doctrine of the soul, psychology sehen see, perceive, behold, notice Seite (die) side, face, page, aspect selbst self, myself, yourself, itself Selbst (das) self Selbstbeherrschung (die) self-control Selbstbestimmung (die) self-determination Selbstdenker (der) independent thinker, creative thinker Selbsthalterin (die) sustainer, author, self-holder, self-keeper Selbstliebe (die) self-love, self-esteem Selbstmord (der) suicide Selbstprüfung (die) self-examination, introspection Selbstthätigkeit (die) self-activity, automatic operation, spontaneity Selbstverachtung (die) self-contempt, self-disdain, self-scorn Selbstverleugnung (die) self-denial, self-abnegation setzen place, set, put, fix Sicherheit (die) certainty, trustworthiness, guarantee, safeguard Sinn (der) sense, faculty of sensing, organ of perception, mind Sinnenwelt (die) world of sense, sensible world, material world, external world Sinnlichen (das) sensible, sensuous Sinnlichkeit (die) sensibility, sensuality, sensuousness Sitte (die) custom, habit, etiquette Sittenlehre (die) doctrine of morals, moral philosophy Sittlichguten (das) moral goodness Sittlichkeit (die) morality Sitz (der) seat, place, spot Sollen (das) ought, should Sorge (die) grief, sorrow, worry, anxiety Sorgfalt (die) carefulness, care, solicitude, attention Sparsamkeit (die) thrift, thriftiness, economy Spiel (das) play, game sprechen speak, talk, converse, discuss Stand (der) standing, situation, position, station Standhaftigkeit (die) steadfastness, constancy, resoluteness, firmness Standpunct (der) point of view, standpoint, viewpoint, position Stärke (die) strength, vigor, sturdiness, intensity Statt (die) place, stead, lieu stattfinden take place, happen, occur, be the case stecken put, place, set, plant stehen stand, be upright, be situated, be Stelle (die) place, position, spot, situation stellen place, post stiefmütterlich stepmotherly, perfunctory, inconsiderate, slighting Stimme (die) voice, vote, suffrage, opinion stimmen harmonize, be in tune, agree, be in keeping stoßen come across, chance upon, meet with, encounter Streitigkeit (die) controversy, dispute, difference, quarrel Strenge (die) severity, sternness, strictness, austerity Stück (das) piece, bit, part, fragment Stufe (die) step, stair, rung Stümper (der) bungler, blunderer, dabbler Subtil (das) subtle suchen seek, want, desire, try to Tadel (der) blame, censure, rebuke, reproach Tappe (die) paw, paw mark Tauglichkeit (die) fitness, suitability, usefulness Täuschung (die) illusion, deception, fraud That (die) deed, act, action, feat Thätiges (das) something active Thätigkeit (die) activity, action, function, occupation Theil (der) part, portion, piece, component theilen divide, share out, deal out, separate Theilnehmung (die) compassion, sympathy, pity thun do, perform, execute, make Thunlichkeit (die) practicability, feasibility Tichten (das) intention, scheming, planning Tod (der) death Trachten (das) endeavor, aim, aspiration, striving tragen bear, carry, convey, wear Traum (der) dream, vision, day-dream, fancy treffen hit, strike, affect, touch treiben drive, push, force, set in motion treten step, walk, tread, go Treue (die) fidelity, faithfulness, loyalty, constancy Triebfeder (die) incentive, motive, main spring, impulsion Tugend (die) virtue übel evil, bad, wrong, sick überhaupt generally, in general, as such, in the abstract überhoben excused from, relieved from überteuern overcharge, charge too much for übrig left over, remaining, other, rest Uebel (das) evil, wound, injury, ill Ueberdruß (der) boredom, ennui, satiety, disgust Uebereinstimmung (die) agreement, accord, harmony, consistency Uebergang (der) transition, passage, crossing Uebergewicht (das) predominance, preponderance, ascendancy, superiority Ueberlegung (die) reflection, consideration, deliberation Uebermuth (der) arrogance, presumption, bravado, high spirits Ueberschlag rough calculation, estimate Uebertretung transgression, infringement, breach, violation Ueberzeugung (die) persuasion, conviction, belief Umfang (der) extent, range, circumference, sphere Umstand (der) circumstance, case, fact, condition Unabhängichkeit (die) independence, autonomy unabhängig independent, autonomous, unrelated unangenehm unpleasant, disagreeable, distasteful unauflöslich insoluble, inscrutable, indecipherable, inexplicable unausbleiblich unfailing, certain, inevitable, inexorable unbedingt unconditional, absolute, unqualified Unbegreiflichkeit (die) incomphrehensibility, incredibility, incredible thing unbekannt unknown, unheard of, obscure, unacquainted unbeschränkt unlimited, boundless, infinite Unbestand (der) instability, impermanence, changeableness, inconstancy unbestimmt indeterminate, undetermined, undefined, ambiguous Unding (das) impossibility, absurdity, non-sense Uneinigkeit (die) discord, disunion, disunity, dissension Unempfindlichkeit (die) coldness, insensibility, indifference unentbehrlich indispensable, essential, absolutely necessary unerlaubt impermissible, forbidden unfähig incapable, unable, unfit, incompetent Ungelegenheit (die) inconvenience, inexpediency, inopportuneness, unseasonableness Ungemächlichkeit (die) discomfort, inconvenience, unpleasantness, irksomeness Ungewißheit (die) uncertainty, doubt, misgiving Ungleichheit (die) dissimilarity, unlikeness, difference, variation Unglück (das) misfortune, bad luck, distress, misery Unglückliche (der) unfortunate man, wretched man, unhappy man Ungunst (die) disfavor, ill-will, malignity, malice Unlauterkeit (die) impurity Unlust (die) dislike, aversion, repugnance, disinclination unmittelbar immediate, direct Unmöglichkeit (die) impossibility Unschuld (die) innocence, purity, chastity Unsichtbares (das) the unseen, the invisible, the imperceptible untauglich unfit, unsuitable, useless, unserviceable Unterabtheilung (die) subdivision, branch, department untergeordnet subordinate, inferior, minor, secondary Unterlassung (die) omission, neglect, default, oversight unterlegen put underneath, undergird, attribute to, impute to unterliegen be at the bottom of, serve as a basis for Unterordnung (die) subordination unterscheiden distinguish, discern, discriminate, differentiate Unterscheidung (die) distinction, discrimination, discernment Unterscheidungszeichen (das) distinguishing mark, distinctive mark, characteristic, criterion unterschieben substitute, impute to, insinuate, foist Unterschied (der) distinction, difference, discrimination, variation unterschieden different, distinct, distinguished, differentiated unterstützen support, sustain, prop up, aid untersuchen investigate Untersuchung (die) examination, inquiry, investigation, inspection Unterweisung (die) instruction unterwerfen subjugate, subordinate, subject to unterwerfen (sich) submit oneself to, yield oneself to, resign oneself to Unterwürfigkeit (die) subjection, submissiveness, subservience, obsequiousness unvergleichbar incomparable, inimitable, unrivalled, matchless unvermeidlich inevitable, unavoidable, inexorable, ineluctable unvermögend incapable Unvollkommenheit (die) imperfection, defectiveness, deficiency, defect unwillkührlich involuntary, unintentional, unintended, instinctive Unwissenheit (die) ignorance, incomprehension unwürdig unworthy, discreditable, disgraceful, despicable unzufrieden dissatisfied, discontented Urbild (das) original, archetype, prototype Urheber (der) author, creator, originator, founder Ursache (die) cause Ursprung (der) origin, source, starting-point, inception ursprünglich original, initial, primary, primitive Urtheil (das) judgment, decision, sentence, verdict urtheilen judge, pass sentence Urtheilskraft (die) power of judgment, faculty of judgment, judgment Veranstaltung (die) arrangement, organization, management Verbesserung (die) improvement, amendment, correction verbinden connect, combine, unite, join Verbindlichkeit (die) obligation Verbindung (die) association, club, union, league Verbot (das) prohibition, inhibition, suppression Verbrecher (der) criminal, felon, wrongdoer, delinquent Verdacht (der) suspicion, distrust Verderbniß (die) corruption, decay, destruction, deterioration Verdienst (der) merit, deserts Verfahren (das) proceeding, procedure, method, treatment Verfasser (der) author, writer, composer verfolgen pursue, follow, trail, persecute Vergleich (der) comparison, parallel vergleichen compare, check, draw a comparison Vergleichung (die) comparison, parallel Vergnügen (das) pleasure, fun, joy, delight Vergnügung (die) pleasure, amusement, entertainment, recreation Verhalten (das) conduct, behavior Verhältniß (das) relation, proportion, rate, ratio Verkehr (der) traffic, commerce, trade, business Verknüpfung (die) bond, knotting, tying together, linkage verlangen demand, claim, ask for, require Verlangen (das) longing, desire, wish, demand Verlegenheit (die) embarrassment, difficulty, perplexity, dilemma verlieren lose, forfeit, let slip, fall off Verlust (der) loss, damage, privation Vermehrung (die) increase, augmentation, multiplication, propagation Vermengung (die) confusion, mixture, medley Vermessenheit (die) boldness, daring, audacity, overconfidence Vermittelung (die) mediation vermögen be able to do, capable of doing, have the power to do, have the capacity to do Vermögen (das) faculty, capacity, ability, power vermuthen suppose, surmise, presume, imagine Vernunft (die) reason, intellect, intelligence Vernunftbegriff (der) concept of reason, rational concept Vernunfterkenntniß (die) rational cognition, rational knowledge Vernunftgebrauch (der) use of reason, usage of reason, employment of reason Vernunftgesetze (die) rational laws Vernunftgründen (die) reason-grounds, grounds based on reason, grounds arising from reason vernünftig rational vernunftlos reasonless, without reason, nonrational, unreasoning Vernunftvermögen (das) rational faculty, rational capacity, power of reason verschieden different, various, diverse Verschiedenheit (die) difference, diversity, disparity, variation versprechen promise Versprechen (das) promising, promise Versprechung (die) promise, promissory note Verstand (der) understanding, mind, intellect, common sense Verstandeswelt (die) world of understanding verstehen understand, comprehend, grasp Versuch (der) attempt, trial, endeavor, test versuchen attempt, try, test, put to the test Versuchtest (die) those most tested, those who have experimented most, those who have tried most Versuchung (die) temptation Vertheidigung (die) defence, vindication, justification, advocacy Vertheilung (die) distribution, dispersion, diffusion, division Verträglichkeit (die) compatibility, sociability, good nature, easy temper Verwahrlosung (die) neglect, injury caused by neglect, degeneration, demoralization verwandeln change, convert, transform, transmute verwerflich objectionable, reprehensible, thoroughly bad, to be rejected Verzicht (der) renunciation, resignation Vielheit (die) plurality, multiplicity, multitude, large number Volksbegriff (der) folk concept, popular concept, popular thought vollendet finished, accomplished, achieved, consummate vollkommen perfect, consummate, full, complete Vollkommenheit (die) perfection, completeness vollständig complete, entire, total, whole Vollständigkeit (die) completeness, entirety, totality Vollziehung (die) accomplishment, execution, performance, fulfillmentl Vorarbeitung (die) preliminary work, preparatory study, preparation Voraussetzung (die) presupposition, supposition, assumption, postulate Vorbereitung (die) preparation, preparatory training Vorfall (der) occurrence, event, incident Vorgeben (das) pretense, supposition vorlegen put before, lay before, display, show vormundschaftlich tutelary Vorrede (die) introduction, preface, preamble, prologue Vorsatz (der) intention, design, purpose, project Vorschein (der) appearance Vorschrift (die) prescription, precept vorsetzen set before, place before, put before Vorsorge (die) foresight, care, attention, precaution Vorspiegelung (die) pretense, show, illusion, delusion vorstellen place before, put in front of, put forward, advance Vorstellung (die) representation, presentation Vorstellungsart (die) way of representation Vortheil (der) advantage, benefit, interest, profit vortheilhaft advantageous, favorable, profitable, lucrative Vorwelt (die) former ages, antiquity, primitive world, prehistoric world Vorwurf (der) reproach, rebuke, blame, remonstrance Vorzug (der) preference, prerogative, privilege, superiority Vorzüglichkeit (die) preeminence, superiority, excellence wägen weigh, ponder, consider Wahl (die) choice, selection, option wählen choose, select, pick out Wahn (der) illusion, hallucination, delusion, error wahr true, real, genuine, sincere Wahrheit (die) truth, reality, fact Wahrnehmung (die) perception, observation Warnung (die) warning, caution, admonition Wechsel (der) change, alteration, succession, turn Wechselbegriffe (die) reciprocal concepts Weg (der) way, road, path, course Wegescheidung (die) parting of the ways, crossroads Weise (die) manner, way, method, style Weisheit (die) wisdom, knowledge, prudence Welt (die) world, earth, people, society Weltbeschauer (der) observer of the world, spectator of the world Weltbesten (das) highest good of the world Weltklugheit (die) world prudence, worldly wisdom, knowledge of the world Weltlauf (der) course of the world Weltregierung (die) world government, world administration, world direction, world management Weltweisheit (die) philosophy, worldly wisdom werden become, come to be, grow, get Werk (das) work, labor, action, act Werkzeug (das) tool, instrument, implement, organ Werth (der) worth, use, value Wesen (das) being, creature, living thing, organism wesentlich essential, principal, fundamental, intrinsic Wichtigkeit (die) weight, weightiness, importance, significance Widerlegung (die) refutation widersprechen contradict, be at variance with, conflict with, gainsay Widerspruch (der) contradiction, opposition, disagreement, conflict Widerstand (der) opposition, resistance widerstehen oppose, resist, withstand, be repugnant to Widerstreit (der) conflict, opposition widerstreiten conflict with, clash with, be antagonistic with, be contrary to Widerwärtigkeit (die) adversity, accident, calamity, disappointment willfahren accede to, comply with, concede, gratify Willkühr (die) free will, option, choice, discretion willkürlich arbitrary, optional, voluntary wirkend acting, active, causative, operating wirklich actual, real, true, substantial Wirklichkeit (die) reality, actuality, actual fact, truth Wirkung (die) working, operation, action, reaction Wirkungsgesetzen (die) laws of operation, effective laws wissen know, have knowledge of, be informed of Wissen (das) knowledge, knowing, learning, scholarship Wissenschaft (die) science, learning, scholarship, knowledge Witz (der) wit, wittiness Wohlbefinden (das) well-being, welfare, good health Wohlergehen (das) prosperity, well-being, welfare, health and happiness Wohlfahrt (die) welfare, weal Wohlgefallen (das) satisfaction, delight, pleasure, approval Wohlsein (das) good health, well-being Wohlthat (die) benefit, kindness, benefaction, charity Wohlverhalten (das) good conduct Wohlwollen (das) benevolence, goodwill, kindness Wolke (die) cloud wollen will, be willing, wish, want Wollen (das) willing, volition, intention, will Wort (das) word, vocable, term, expression Wortgebrauch (der) word-use, usage, use of a word Wunsch (der) wish, desire wünschen wish, desire wünschenswerth desirable, worthy of desiring, worthy to be wished, to be wished for Würde (die) dignity, majesty, propriety würdig worthy, deserving, estimable, respectable Würdigkeit (die) worthiness, merit, worth zeigen show, exhibit, display, appear Zeit (die) time, epoch, period, age Zergliederung (die) analysis, dissection zerstören destroy, demolish, ruin, devastate ziehen draw, pull, extricate, drag Zögling (der) pupil, ward Zuflucht (die) refuge, shelter, recourse Zufriedenheit (die) contentment, satisfaction Zug (der) character trait, feature of character Zuhörer (der) listener, audience, member of the audience, hearer Zulänglichkeit (die) adequacy, sufficiency Zumuthung (die) unreasonable demand, unreasonable expectation, imputation zurückführen trace back, lead back, reduce to, attribute to Zurückhaltung (die) reserve, caution, discretion, modesty Zurücksetzung (die) slight, snub, disregard, neglect Zurüstung (die) fitting out, equipment, preparation Zusammenstimmung (die) harmony, conformity Zusatz (der) addition, adjunct, admixture, appendix Zuschauer (der) spectator, onlooker, bystander, witness Zustand (der) condition, state, situation, position Zuthat (die) addition, contribution Zuträglichkeit (die) usefulness, advantageousness, wholesomeness, salubrity Zutrauen (das) trust, confidence, reliance Zuwachs (der) growth, increase, expansion, increment Zwang (der) force, coercion, compulsion, constraint Zweck (der) end, aim, object, objective zwecklos purposeless, unpurposive, aimless zweckmäßig purposive, appropriate, expedient, practical Zwecksvorzug (der) preference of end, precedence of end, priority of end, prerogative as end Zweifel (der) doubt, uncertainty, hesitation, misgiving zweifelhaft doubtful, uncertain, dubious, questionable zweifeln doubt, question, be distrustful, be in doubt about Zweydeutigkeit (die) ambiguity, suggestiveness, unseemliness, impropriety |